TY  - CONF
AU  - Antić, Jovana
AU  - Mišković, Žarko
AU  - Mitrović, Radivoje
AU  - Stamenić, Zoran
AU  - Antelj, Jovan
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7674
AB  - Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is used nowadays in a variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, medicine, architecture etc. It is also extensively used for educational purposes. 3D printers are now used even in everyday life - by people without technical education. Although the application of 3D printing is widespread, its effects on human health and precautions are still not discussed in details. This article will be focused to the risk assessment of one of the most popular 3D printing techniques - Fused Decomposition Modeling (FDM). During FDM 3D printing movable printing head is used to melt a thermoplastic wire (filament), and to apply it layer by layer, forming model which is developed in Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Due to low cost, the most frequently used materials are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid/Polylactide (PLA). A side product of filament melting is evaporation of chemicals, which exact amount and composition is still not established (as it depends on 3D printing conditions). FDM printing can also produce unhealthy levels of nanoparticles (particle in the range between 1 to 100 nanometers), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and gaseous material emissions. This article discusses the dangers and harms of FDM with performed basic risk assessment according to the Kinney methodology. Also, the protective measures which need to be applied during the 3D printing are proposed – taking into account the identified and quantified risks.
C3  - Second International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2023), Procedia Structural Integrity
T1  - The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology
VL  - 48
DO  - 10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.132
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Antić, Jovana and Mišković, Žarko and Mitrović, Radivoje and Stamenić, Zoran and Antelj, Jovan",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is used nowadays in a variety of industries including aerospace, automotive, medicine, architecture etc. It is also extensively used for educational purposes. 3D printers are now used even in everyday life - by people without technical education. Although the application of 3D printing is widespread, its effects on human health and precautions are still not discussed in details. This article will be focused to the risk assessment of one of the most popular 3D printing techniques - Fused Decomposition Modeling (FDM). During FDM 3D printing movable printing head is used to melt a thermoplastic wire (filament), and to apply it layer by layer, forming model which is developed in Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Due to low cost, the most frequently used materials are Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactic Acid/Polylactide (PLA). A side product of filament melting is evaporation of chemicals, which exact amount and composition is still not established (as it depends on 3D printing conditions). FDM printing can also produce unhealthy levels of nanoparticles (particle in the range between 1 to 100 nanometers), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and gaseous material emissions. This article discusses the dangers and harms of FDM with performed basic risk assessment according to the Kinney methodology. Also, the protective measures which need to be applied during the 3D printing are proposed – taking into account the identified and quantified risks.",
journal = "Second International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2023), Procedia Structural Integrity",
title = "The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology",
volume = "48",
doi = "10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.132"
}

Antić, J., Mišković, Ž., Mitrović, R., Stamenić, Z.,& Antelj, J.. (2023). The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology. in Second International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2023), Procedia Structural Integrity, 48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.132

Antić J, Mišković Ž, Mitrović R, Stamenić Z, Antelj J. The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology. in Second International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2023), Procedia Structural Integrity. 2023;48.
doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.132 .

Antić, Jovana, Mišković, Žarko, Mitrović, Radivoje, Stamenić, Zoran, Antelj, Jovan, "The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology" in Second International Symposium on Risk Analysis and Safety of Complex Structures and Components (IRAS 2023), Procedia Structural Integrity, 48 (2023),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2023.07.132 . .