TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jović, Milica M.
AU  - Laković, Mirjana S.
AU  - Banjac, Miloš
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2777
AB  - The electric power system of the Republic of Serbia relies mostly on lignite-fired thermal power plants, with 70% of the total electricity generation. Most of these plants are over 30 years old, and investment in their modernization is necessary. The energy efficiency of the 110 MW coal-fired power plant in which the condenser is cooled by the mechanical draught wet cooling towers system is analyzed in this paper. Attention is primarily devoted to operating conditions of the cold end of the plant, i.e. to the interrelationship of the condenser and cooling towers. Most important parameters that affect the operation of the cooling towers system are ambient air temperature and relative humidity, specific mass flow rate, and temperature of cooled water. With the existing cooling system, the overall energy efficiency of the plant is low, especially in the summer months, even less than 30%, due to adverse weather conditions. By upgrading existing cooling tower system by adaptation of two additional cooling tower cells, overall energy efficiency can be increased by 1.5%. The cooling tower system rehabilitation investments payback period is estimated to be less than one year. Static method for economic and financial assessment is used.
PB  - Sage Publications Ltd, London
T2  - Energy & Environment
T1  - Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system
EP  - 259
IS  - 2
SP  - 245
VL  - 29
DO  - 10.1177/0958305X17747428
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Jović, Milica M. and Laković, Mirjana S. and Banjac, Miloš",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The electric power system of the Republic of Serbia relies mostly on lignite-fired thermal power plants, with 70% of the total electricity generation. Most of these plants are over 30 years old, and investment in their modernization is necessary. The energy efficiency of the 110 MW coal-fired power plant in which the condenser is cooled by the mechanical draught wet cooling towers system is analyzed in this paper. Attention is primarily devoted to operating conditions of the cold end of the plant, i.e. to the interrelationship of the condenser and cooling towers. Most important parameters that affect the operation of the cooling towers system are ambient air temperature and relative humidity, specific mass flow rate, and temperature of cooled water. With the existing cooling system, the overall energy efficiency of the plant is low, especially in the summer months, even less than 30%, due to adverse weather conditions. By upgrading existing cooling tower system by adaptation of two additional cooling tower cells, overall energy efficiency can be increased by 1.5%. The cooling tower system rehabilitation investments payback period is estimated to be less than one year. Static method for economic and financial assessment is used.",
publisher = "Sage Publications Ltd, London",
journal = "Energy & Environment",
title = "Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system",
pages = "259-245",
number = "2",
volume = "29",
doi = "10.1177/0958305X17747428"
}

Jović, M. M., Laković, M. S.,& Banjac, M.. (2018). Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system. in Energy & Environment
Sage Publications Ltd, London., 29(2), 245-259.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X17747428

Jović MM, Laković MS, Banjac M. Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system. in Energy & Environment. 2018;29(2):245-259.
doi:10.1177/0958305X17747428 .

Jović, Milica M., Laković, Mirjana S., Banjac, Miloš, "Improving the energy efficiency of a 110 MW thermal power plant by low-cost modification of the cooling system" in Energy & Environment, 29, no. 2 (2018):245-259,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X17747428 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laković, Mirjana S.
AU  - Banjac, Miloš
AU  - Bogdanović-Jovanović, Jasmina
AU  - Jović, Milica M.
AU  - Milovanović, Zdravko
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2789
AB  - A thermal power plant (TPP) uses large amounts of fresh water, mostly for cooling purposes. Among different types of cooling systems, once-through cooling is the most water-intensive and has the greatest environmental impacts. From the view-point of the steam cycle efficiency, this type of cooling still provides the most efficient electricity production, and therefore is widely used. Water is withdrawn from nearby water bodies, absorbs heat from the steam in a condenser, and then discharged back to its original source at higher temperatures causing severe environmental impacts, including fish killing, disturbing ecosystems, and heating-up natural water bodies. The total installed capacity of almost 1100 MW on the right bank of the Danube in Serbia threatens the ecosystem of this large international river due to thermal pollution. This problem will be even more pronounced in the near future, due to an inevitable increase in production capacity for new 350 MW, currently under construction. Herein, analysis of the legal framework for the protection of water from thermal pollution as well as analysis of the actual situation on the site of the TPP "Kostolac" in Serbia are presented. Based on meteorological and hydrological parameters, configuration and operation parameters of the plant, the numerical simulation of the condenser was carried on. The temperature of the water leaving condenser and amount of heat discharged back to the river are obtained. According to those results, the analysis of the existing thermal pollution of the Danube River in the flow through Serbia is given by numerical simulation using software ANSYS CFX. Analysis of thermal discharge into the Danube for the five-year period has been carried out. The cooling water effluent causes a temperature increase in the area of the right bank of the Danube, and this thermal disturbance extends along the right river bank for kilometers. Note that the flow rate of the Danube is currently large enough to compensate this thermal disturbance, but for a smaller river and/or larger electricity production capacities, this influence would have even more significant consequences on the ecosystem, making those results even more useful for further analysis.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd
T2  - Thermal Science
T1  - Risk of thermal pollution of the danube passing through Serbia due to thermal power plants
EP  - S1336
SP  - S1323
VL  - 22
DO  - 10.2298/TSCI18S5323L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Laković, Mirjana S. and Banjac, Miloš and Bogdanović-Jovanović, Jasmina and Jović, Milica M. and Milovanović, Zdravko",
year = "2018",
abstract = "A thermal power plant (TPP) uses large amounts of fresh water, mostly for cooling purposes. Among different types of cooling systems, once-through cooling is the most water-intensive and has the greatest environmental impacts. From the view-point of the steam cycle efficiency, this type of cooling still provides the most efficient electricity production, and therefore is widely used. Water is withdrawn from nearby water bodies, absorbs heat from the steam in a condenser, and then discharged back to its original source at higher temperatures causing severe environmental impacts, including fish killing, disturbing ecosystems, and heating-up natural water bodies. The total installed capacity of almost 1100 MW on the right bank of the Danube in Serbia threatens the ecosystem of this large international river due to thermal pollution. This problem will be even more pronounced in the near future, due to an inevitable increase in production capacity for new 350 MW, currently under construction. Herein, analysis of the legal framework for the protection of water from thermal pollution as well as analysis of the actual situation on the site of the TPP "Kostolac" in Serbia are presented. Based on meteorological and hydrological parameters, configuration and operation parameters of the plant, the numerical simulation of the condenser was carried on. The temperature of the water leaving condenser and amount of heat discharged back to the river are obtained. According to those results, the analysis of the existing thermal pollution of the Danube River in the flow through Serbia is given by numerical simulation using software ANSYS CFX. Analysis of thermal discharge into the Danube for the five-year period has been carried out. The cooling water effluent causes a temperature increase in the area of the right bank of the Danube, and this thermal disturbance extends along the right river bank for kilometers. Note that the flow rate of the Danube is currently large enough to compensate this thermal disturbance, but for a smaller river and/or larger electricity production capacities, this influence would have even more significant consequences on the ecosystem, making those results even more useful for further analysis.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd",
journal = "Thermal Science",
title = "Risk of thermal pollution of the danube passing through Serbia due to thermal power plants",
pages = "S1336-S1323",
volume = "22",
doi = "10.2298/TSCI18S5323L"
}

Laković, M. S., Banjac, M., Bogdanović-Jovanović, J., Jović, M. M.,& Milovanović, Z.. (2018). Risk of thermal pollution of the danube passing through Serbia due to thermal power plants. in Thermal Science
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd., 22, S1323-S1336.
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI18S5323L

Laković MS, Banjac M, Bogdanović-Jovanović J, Jović MM, Milovanović Z. Risk of thermal pollution of the danube passing through Serbia due to thermal power plants. in Thermal Science. 2018;22:S1323-S1336.
doi:10.2298/TSCI18S5323L .

Laković, Mirjana S., Banjac, Miloš, Bogdanović-Jovanović, Jasmina, Jović, Milica M., Milovanović, Zdravko, "Risk of thermal pollution of the danube passing through Serbia due to thermal power plants" in Thermal Science, 22 (2018):S1323-S1336,
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI18S5323L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laković, Mirjana S.
AU  - Pavlović, Ivan
AU  - Banjac, Miloš
AU  - Jović, Milica M.
AU  - Mančić, Marko
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2578
AB  - Electricity is a key energy source in each country and an important condition for economic development. It is necessary to use modern methods and tools to predict energy consumption for different types of systems and weather conditions. In every industrial plant, electricity consumption presents one of the greatest operating costs. Monitoring and forecasting of this parameter provide the opportunity to rationalize the use of electricity and thus significantly reduce the costs. The paper proposes the prediction of energy consumption by a new time-series model. This involves time series models using a set of previously collected data to predict the future load. The most commonly used linear time series models are the AR (Autoregressive Model), MA (Moving Average) and ARMA (Autoregressive Moving Average Model). The AR model is used in this paper. Using the AR (Autoregressive Model) model, the Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized for predicting and analyzing the energy consumption change in the considered tobacco industrial plant. One of the main parts of the AR model is a seasonal pattern that takes into account the climatic conditions for a given geographical area. This part of the model was delineated by the Fourier transform and was used with the aim of avoiding the model complexity. As an example, the numerical results were performed for tobacco production in one industrial plant. A probabilistic range of input values is used to determine the future probabilistic level of energy consumption.
PB  - Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš
T2  - Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering
T1  - Numerical computation and prediction of electricity consumption in tobacco industry
EP  - 465
IS  - 3
SP  - 457
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.22190/FUME170927025L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Laković, Mirjana S. and Pavlović, Ivan and Banjac, Miloš and Jović, Milica M. and Mančić, Marko",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Electricity is a key energy source in each country and an important condition for economic development. It is necessary to use modern methods and tools to predict energy consumption for different types of systems and weather conditions. In every industrial plant, electricity consumption presents one of the greatest operating costs. Monitoring and forecasting of this parameter provide the opportunity to rationalize the use of electricity and thus significantly reduce the costs. The paper proposes the prediction of energy consumption by a new time-series model. This involves time series models using a set of previously collected data to predict the future load. The most commonly used linear time series models are the AR (Autoregressive Model), MA (Moving Average) and ARMA (Autoregressive Moving Average Model). The AR model is used in this paper. Using the AR (Autoregressive Model) model, the Monte Carlo simulation method is utilized for predicting and analyzing the energy consumption change in the considered tobacco industrial plant. One of the main parts of the AR model is a seasonal pattern that takes into account the climatic conditions for a given geographical area. This part of the model was delineated by the Fourier transform and was used with the aim of avoiding the model complexity. As an example, the numerical results were performed for tobacco production in one industrial plant. A probabilistic range of input values is used to determine the future probabilistic level of energy consumption.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš",
journal = "Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering",
title = "Numerical computation and prediction of electricity consumption in tobacco industry",
pages = "465-457",
number = "3",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.22190/FUME170927025L"
}

Laković, M. S., Pavlović, I., Banjac, M., Jović, M. M.,& Mančić, M.. (2017). Numerical computation and prediction of electricity consumption in tobacco industry. in Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering
Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš., 15(3), 457-465.
https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME170927025L

Laković MS, Pavlović I, Banjac M, Jović MM, Mančić M. Numerical computation and prediction of electricity consumption in tobacco industry. in Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering. 2017;15(3):457-465.
doi:10.22190/FUME170927025L .

Laković, Mirjana S., Pavlović, Ivan, Banjac, Miloš, Jović, Milica M., Mančić, Marko, "Numerical computation and prediction of electricity consumption in tobacco industry" in Facta Universitatis-Series Mechanical Engineering, 15, no. 3 (2017):457-465,
https://doi.org/10.22190/FUME170927025L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laković, Mirjana S.
AU  - Banjac, Miloš
AU  - Laković, Slobodan V.
AU  - Jović, Milica M.
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2306
AB  - A large number of producers offer a wide choice of various types of industrial cooling towers. Usually, a proper choice of pre-fabricated cooling tower satisfies end-user needs. However, if there are specific end-user requirements, it is necessary to design cooling tower according to those requirements. For the adhesive factory located in southern region of Serbia, 350 kW mechanical draught wet cooling tower was designed and built. Dimensioning of the. cooling tower was done according to parameters of the ambient air, higher than the standard recommendations given in the literature. In this paper, the reasons for deviation from recommendations are given. The analysis of the cooling tower operation based on real meteorological parameters for 2015 is also shown in this paper. According to this analysis, cooling tower provides required water temperature in any season, and gives opportunity for energy savings in winter, with opportunity for heat capacity enlargement if production capacity is raised as it is planned in the factory.
PB  - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd
T2  - Thermal Science
T1  - Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions
EP  - S1214
SP  - S1203
VL  - 20
DO  - 10.2298/TSCI16S5203L
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Laković, Mirjana S. and Banjac, Miloš and Laković, Slobodan V. and Jović, Milica M.",
year = "2016",
abstract = "A large number of producers offer a wide choice of various types of industrial cooling towers. Usually, a proper choice of pre-fabricated cooling tower satisfies end-user needs. However, if there are specific end-user requirements, it is necessary to design cooling tower according to those requirements. For the adhesive factory located in southern region of Serbia, 350 kW mechanical draught wet cooling tower was designed and built. Dimensioning of the. cooling tower was done according to parameters of the ambient air, higher than the standard recommendations given in the literature. In this paper, the reasons for deviation from recommendations are given. The analysis of the cooling tower operation based on real meteorological parameters for 2015 is also shown in this paper. According to this analysis, cooling tower provides required water temperature in any season, and gives opportunity for energy savings in winter, with opportunity for heat capacity enlargement if production capacity is raised as it is planned in the factory.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd",
journal = "Thermal Science",
title = "Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions",
pages = "S1214-S1203",
volume = "20",
doi = "10.2298/TSCI16S5203L"
}

Laković, M. S., Banjac, M., Laković, S. V.,& Jović, M. M.. (2016). Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions. in Thermal Science
Univerzitet u Beogradu - Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd., 20, S1203-S1214.
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI16S5203L

Laković MS, Banjac M, Laković SV, Jović MM. Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions. in Thermal Science. 2016;20:S1203-S1214.
doi:10.2298/TSCI16S5203L .

Laković, Mirjana S., Banjac, Miloš, Laković, Slobodan V., Jović, Milica M., "Industrial cooling tower design and operation in the moderate-continental climate conditions" in Thermal Science, 20 (2016):S1203-S1214,
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI16S5203L . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laković, Mirjana S.
AU  - Banjac, Miloš
AU  - Jović, Milica M.
AU  - Mitrović, Dejan
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2068
AB  - Termoelektrane na fosilna goriva, pre svega ugalj, emituju velike količine ugljen dioksida, koji se smatra glavnim uzročnikom fenomena globalnog zagrevanja. Smanjenje emisije CO2 u energetskom sektoru je postalo jedan od osnovnih prioriteta svih nacionalnih vlada. Sa druge strane, globalno zagrevanje direktno utiče na proizvodnju energije. Ovaj uticaj se pre svega ogleda u mogućnosti odvođenja otpadne toplote, neophodnog za rad postrojenja. U doglednoj budućnosti efikasnost rada postojećih termoenergetskih postrojenja opadati, ukoliko se ne ulože dodatni napori kako bi se unapredio njihov rad, posebno imajući u vidu optimizaciju rada kondenzacionog dela postrojenja, a ovo opet vodi povećanoj emisiji CO2. Predviđeni porast potrošnje energije dodatno podvlači ovaj problem.U radu je dat pregled današnjih metoda za smanjenje emisije CO2 u atmosferu, ali je osnovni cilj rada da ukaže na mogućnosti povećanja energetske efikasnosti postojećih postrojenja, uz relativno mala ekonomska ulaganja, čime bi se smanjili i ekološki problemi. Prikazan je uticaj porasta temperature rashladne vode i vazduha na energetsku efikasnost termoelektrana u Srbiji sa protočnim i povratnim sistemom hlađenja. Rezultati su dobijeni na osnovu originalnih matematičkih modela i numeričkih simulacija, koje su autori predstavili u drugim radovima. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti od koristi kako pri revitalizaciji postojećih, tako i pri projektovanju novih termoenergetskih kapaciteta.
AB  - Coal-fired power plants emit large amounts of CO2, which constitutes one of the largest causes of global warming. Reducing CO2 emissions in the energy sector has become a top priority for national governments. On the other hand, fossil energy production is also affected by air and water temperatures. Local weather conditions affect the capacity of cooling towers and natural water bodies to transfer waste heat from steam condensers to the atmosphere. Without technology-based improvements in cooling system efficiency, the steam-cycle energy efficiency would decrease. This again leads to increased consumption of fossil fuels and thus increasing emissions of CO2. Increasing in global energy demand aggravates this issue. In this paper, the overview of currently actual methods for CO2 reduction is given. The main objective, however, is to find a cost-effective solution for increasing the energy efficiency of existing plants in Serbia. The overview of cooling water temperature increase impact on the energy efficiency in Serbian power plants is given, based on meteorological data and numerical simulation. This study is done for both, power plants with once-through and with closed cycle cooling system. Obtained results could be used as useful guidelines in design of the new power plants and also in improving existing power plants performances.
PB  - Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš
T2  - Facta universitatis - series: Working and Living Environmental Protection
T1  - Energetska efikasnost termoelektrana i klimatske promene - sadašnje stanje i budućnost
T1  - Coal-fired power plants energy efficiency and climate change: Current state and future trends
EP  - 227
IS  - 2
SP  - 217
VL  - 12
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_2068
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Laković, Mirjana S. and Banjac, Miloš and Jović, Milica M. and Mitrović, Dejan",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Termoelektrane na fosilna goriva, pre svega ugalj, emituju velike količine ugljen dioksida, koji se smatra glavnim uzročnikom fenomena globalnog zagrevanja. Smanjenje emisije CO2 u energetskom sektoru je postalo jedan od osnovnih prioriteta svih nacionalnih vlada. Sa druge strane, globalno zagrevanje direktno utiče na proizvodnju energije. Ovaj uticaj se pre svega ogleda u mogućnosti odvođenja otpadne toplote, neophodnog za rad postrojenja. U doglednoj budućnosti efikasnost rada postojećih termoenergetskih postrojenja opadati, ukoliko se ne ulože dodatni napori kako bi se unapredio njihov rad, posebno imajući u vidu optimizaciju rada kondenzacionog dela postrojenja, a ovo opet vodi povećanoj emisiji CO2. Predviđeni porast potrošnje energije dodatno podvlači ovaj problem.U radu je dat pregled današnjih metoda za smanjenje emisije CO2 u atmosferu, ali je osnovni cilj rada da ukaže na mogućnosti povećanja energetske efikasnosti postojećih postrojenja, uz relativno mala ekonomska ulaganja, čime bi se smanjili i ekološki problemi. Prikazan je uticaj porasta temperature rashladne vode i vazduha na energetsku efikasnost termoelektrana u Srbiji sa protočnim i povratnim sistemom hlađenja. Rezultati su dobijeni na osnovu originalnih matematičkih modela i numeričkih simulacija, koje su autori predstavili u drugim radovima. Dobijeni rezultati mogu biti od koristi kako pri revitalizaciji postojećih, tako i pri projektovanju novih termoenergetskih kapaciteta., Coal-fired power plants emit large amounts of CO2, which constitutes one of the largest causes of global warming. Reducing CO2 emissions in the energy sector has become a top priority for national governments. On the other hand, fossil energy production is also affected by air and water temperatures. Local weather conditions affect the capacity of cooling towers and natural water bodies to transfer waste heat from steam condensers to the atmosphere. Without technology-based improvements in cooling system efficiency, the steam-cycle energy efficiency would decrease. This again leads to increased consumption of fossil fuels and thus increasing emissions of CO2. Increasing in global energy demand aggravates this issue. In this paper, the overview of currently actual methods for CO2 reduction is given. The main objective, however, is to find a cost-effective solution for increasing the energy efficiency of existing plants in Serbia. The overview of cooling water temperature increase impact on the energy efficiency in Serbian power plants is given, based on meteorological data and numerical simulation. This study is done for both, power plants with once-through and with closed cycle cooling system. Obtained results could be used as useful guidelines in design of the new power plants and also in improving existing power plants performances.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš",
journal = "Facta universitatis - series: Working and Living Environmental Protection",
title = "Energetska efikasnost termoelektrana i klimatske promene - sadašnje stanje i budućnost, Coal-fired power plants energy efficiency and climate change: Current state and future trends",
pages = "227-217",
number = "2",
volume = "12",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_2068"
}

Laković, M. S., Banjac, M., Jović, M. M.,& Mitrović, D.. (2015). Energetska efikasnost termoelektrana i klimatske promene - sadašnje stanje i budućnost. in Facta universitatis - series: Working and Living Environmental Protection
Univerzitet u Nišu, Niš., 12(2), 217-227.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_2068

Laković MS, Banjac M, Jović MM, Mitrović D. Energetska efikasnost termoelektrana i klimatske promene - sadašnje stanje i budućnost. in Facta universitatis - series: Working and Living Environmental Protection. 2015;12(2):217-227.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_2068 .

Laković, Mirjana S., Banjac, Miloš, Jović, Milica M., Mitrović, Dejan, "Energetska efikasnost termoelektrana i klimatske promene - sadašnje stanje i budućnost" in Facta universitatis - series: Working and Living Environmental Protection, 12, no. 2 (2015):217-227,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_2068 .