Laser-Induced Damages of Different Types of Human Gallbladder Stones

Abstract

Background/Aims: Today, treatment of human calculi, and particularly those of gallbladder, is, to a large extent, less invasive procedure due to numerous non-invasive methods that have been developed. Methodology: CO 2 laser of pulse (output 5W)(W-watt, SI unit system) and continual mode (output 15W) and diode laser (808nm-nanometer, SI) were used for tests of fragmentation of gallbladder calculi in vitro. Results: A total of 15 human gallbladder calculi of known size were examined, which had been collected during surgical interventions. Damages caused by laser were examined visually and by stereo-microscope (10 to 25 times magnification). During testing, the dependence of fragmentation on the type of laser effect, as well as the degree of fragmentation on the type of tested calculus was noted. Different types and dimensions of damage caused by various laser beams, as well as coloration changes of superficial layers in relation to the type of tested calculi was noticed. Conclusion: Accordingly, in this specific case, the priority for removal of gallbladder calculi by ablation will be given to diode laser.