Predlog nove metodologije za praćenje ponašanja i prevenciju havarija rotacionih tela

Abstract

Rotacioni delovi su vrlo rasprostranjeni u mašinskim sklopovima i sistemima i obavljaju vrlo širok spektar funkcija u gotovo svim industrijskim granama. Nepredviđeni i momentalni prestanak obavljanja osnovne funkcije rotacionih delova - prenošenje rotacionog kretanja, uglavnom kao rezultat velikih inercijalnih sila, ima za posledicu pojavu havarijskih oštećenja često praćenih kompletnim razaranjem pojedinih delova ili celog mašinskog sklopa. Značaj prevencije havarije rotacionih delova se ne ogleda samo kroz sprečavanje velikih šteta, već i kroz obezbeđenje sigurnosti osoblja u pogonu. Stoga je definisanje adekvatne nove metodologije za uspešno praćenje ponašanja i prevenciju havarije rotacionih delova od izuzetnog značaja sa aspekta preventivnog inžinjeringa.

Rotating parts are very widely used as a part of mechanical systems in different industries to perform a large number of functions. Unexpected and instantaneous interruption in performing the main function of rotating part i.e. transmission of rotating movement very often caused catastrophic failures of particular parts or complete mechanical systems mainly due to inertial forces. Great importance in prevention of rotating parts failures is associated not only with suppressing the injuries, but also with assuring the safety of people. Thus, to establish the adequate methodology for monitoring and prevention of rotating parts failures it is of great importance to define the optimal preventive maintenance and engineering. In this paper the chronological classification of flaws of parts which were built-in mechanical rotation-based systems was presented. New methodology for monitoring and failure prevention of rotating parts was presented through the examples of shaft, as a part which was usually possible to repair, and bearing, as a part which was not possible to repair. In addition, this paper elucidates some possible additional influences which contribute to operating stability of rotation-based systems, and which were not covered by common operating indicators, as well as some measures for prevention of severe failures.