A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes
2023
Аутори
Golubović, ZoranaDanilov, Ivan
Bojović, Božica
Petrov, Ljubiša
Sedmak, Aleksandar
Mišković, Žarko
Mitrović, Nenad
Чланак у часопису (Објављена верзија)
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о документуАпстракт
Additive manufacturing technologies have developed rapidly in recent decades, pushing
the limits of known manufacturing processes. The need to study the properties of the different
materials used for these processes comprehensively and in detail has become a primary goal in order
to get the best out of the manufacturing itself. The widely used thermoplastic polymer material
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was selected in the form of both filaments and ABS-like resins
to investigate and compare the mechanical properties through a series of different tests. ABS-like
resin material is commercially available, but it is not a sufficiently mechanically studied form of
the material, which leads to the rather limited literature. Considering that ABS resin is a declared
material that behaves like the ABS filament but in a different form, the objective of this study was to
compare these two commercially available materials printed with three different 3D printers, namely
Fused De...position Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and Digital Light Processing (DLP). A
total of 45 test specimens with geometries and test protocols conforming to the relevant standards
were subjected to a series of tensile, three-point bending and compression tests to determine their
mechanical properties. Characterization also included evaluation of morphology with 2D and 3D
microscopy, dimensional accuracy of 3D scans, and Shore A hardness of each material and 3D printing
process. Tensile testing results have shown that FDM toughness is 40% of the value for DLP. FDM
elongation at break is 37% of DLP, while ultimate tensile stress for SLA is 27% higher than FDM value.
Elastic modulus for FDM and SLA coincide. Flexure testing results indicate that value of DLP flexural
modulus is 54% of the FDM value. SLA strain value is 59% of FDM, and DLP ultimate flexure stress
is 77% of the value for FDM. Compression test results imply that FDM specimens absorb at least
twice as much energy as vat polymerized specimens. Strain at break for SLA is 72% and strain at
ultimate stress is 60% of FDM values. FDM yield stress is 32% higher than DLP value. SLA ultimate
compressive stress is half of FDM, while value for DLP compressive modulus is 69% of the FDM
value. The results obtained are beneficial and give a more comprehensive picture of the behavior of
the ABS polymers used in different forms and different AM processes
Кључне речи:
additive manufacturing / FDM / SLA / DLP / ABS filament / ABS resin / mechanical properties / microscopy / hardness / 3D scanningИзвор:
Polymers, 2023, 15, 21, 4197-Издавач:
- MDPI
Колекције
Институција/група
Mašinski fakultetTY - JOUR AU - Golubović, Zorana AU - Danilov, Ivan AU - Bojović, Božica AU - Petrov, Ljubiša AU - Sedmak, Aleksandar AU - Mišković, Žarko AU - Mitrović, Nenad PY - 2023 UR - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7077 AB - Additive manufacturing technologies have developed rapidly in recent decades, pushing the limits of known manufacturing processes. The need to study the properties of the different materials used for these processes comprehensively and in detail has become a primary goal in order to get the best out of the manufacturing itself. The widely used thermoplastic polymer material acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was selected in the form of both filaments and ABS-like resins to investigate and compare the mechanical properties through a series of different tests. ABS-like resin material is commercially available, but it is not a sufficiently mechanically studied form of the material, which leads to the rather limited literature. Considering that ABS resin is a declared material that behaves like the ABS filament but in a different form, the objective of this study was to compare these two commercially available materials printed with three different 3D printers, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and Digital Light Processing (DLP). A total of 45 test specimens with geometries and test protocols conforming to the relevant standards were subjected to a series of tensile, three-point bending and compression tests to determine their mechanical properties. Characterization also included evaluation of morphology with 2D and 3D microscopy, dimensional accuracy of 3D scans, and Shore A hardness of each material and 3D printing process. Tensile testing results have shown that FDM toughness is 40% of the value for DLP. FDM elongation at break is 37% of DLP, while ultimate tensile stress for SLA is 27% higher than FDM value. Elastic modulus for FDM and SLA coincide. Flexure testing results indicate that value of DLP flexural modulus is 54% of the FDM value. SLA strain value is 59% of FDM, and DLP ultimate flexure stress is 77% of the value for FDM. Compression test results imply that FDM specimens absorb at least twice as much energy as vat polymerized specimens. Strain at break for SLA is 72% and strain at ultimate stress is 60% of FDM values. FDM yield stress is 32% higher than DLP value. SLA ultimate compressive stress is half of FDM, while value for DLP compressive modulus is 69% of the FDM value. The results obtained are beneficial and give a more comprehensive picture of the behavior of the ABS polymers used in different forms and different AM processes PB - MDPI T2 - Polymers T1 - A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes IS - 21 SP - 4197 VL - 15 DO - 10.3390/polym15214197 ER -
@article{ author = "Golubović, Zorana and Danilov, Ivan and Bojović, Božica and Petrov, Ljubiša and Sedmak, Aleksandar and Mišković, Žarko and Mitrović, Nenad", year = "2023", abstract = "Additive manufacturing technologies have developed rapidly in recent decades, pushing the limits of known manufacturing processes. The need to study the properties of the different materials used for these processes comprehensively and in detail has become a primary goal in order to get the best out of the manufacturing itself. The widely used thermoplastic polymer material acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was selected in the form of both filaments and ABS-like resins to investigate and compare the mechanical properties through a series of different tests. ABS-like resin material is commercially available, but it is not a sufficiently mechanically studied form of the material, which leads to the rather limited literature. Considering that ABS resin is a declared material that behaves like the ABS filament but in a different form, the objective of this study was to compare these two commercially available materials printed with three different 3D printers, namely Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA) and Digital Light Processing (DLP). A total of 45 test specimens with geometries and test protocols conforming to the relevant standards were subjected to a series of tensile, three-point bending and compression tests to determine their mechanical properties. Characterization also included evaluation of morphology with 2D and 3D microscopy, dimensional accuracy of 3D scans, and Shore A hardness of each material and 3D printing process. Tensile testing results have shown that FDM toughness is 40% of the value for DLP. FDM elongation at break is 37% of DLP, while ultimate tensile stress for SLA is 27% higher than FDM value. Elastic modulus for FDM and SLA coincide. Flexure testing results indicate that value of DLP flexural modulus is 54% of the FDM value. SLA strain value is 59% of FDM, and DLP ultimate flexure stress is 77% of the value for FDM. Compression test results imply that FDM specimens absorb at least twice as much energy as vat polymerized specimens. Strain at break for SLA is 72% and strain at ultimate stress is 60% of FDM values. FDM yield stress is 32% higher than DLP value. SLA ultimate compressive stress is half of FDM, while value for DLP compressive modulus is 69% of the FDM value. The results obtained are beneficial and give a more comprehensive picture of the behavior of the ABS polymers used in different forms and different AM processes", publisher = "MDPI", journal = "Polymers", title = "A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes", number = "21", pages = "4197", volume = "15", doi = "10.3390/polym15214197" }
Golubović, Z., Danilov, I., Bojović, B., Petrov, L., Sedmak, A., Mišković, Ž.,& Mitrović, N.. (2023). A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes. in Polymers MDPI., 15(21), 4197. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214197
Golubović Z, Danilov I, Bojović B, Petrov L, Sedmak A, Mišković Ž, Mitrović N. A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes. in Polymers. 2023;15(21):4197. doi:10.3390/polym15214197 .
Golubović, Zorana, Danilov, Ivan, Bojović, Božica, Petrov, Ljubiša, Sedmak, Aleksandar, Mišković, Žarko, Mitrović, Nenad, "A Comprehensive Mechanical Examination of ABS and ABS-like Polymers Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion and Vat Photopolymerization Processes" in Polymers, 15, no. 21 (2023):4197, https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214197 . .