Višekriterijumsko odlučivanje u transportu kontejnera

Abstract

Kontejnerski transport danas u okviru svetske globalizacije privrede ima veoma važnu ulogu u prevozu robe sa konstantnom tendencijom rasta. Prednosti kontejnerskog transporta prepoznate su još 80-ih godina prošlog veka, a odnose se na celu privredu, pa čak i društvo u celini. Povećava se broj privrednih subjekata uključenih u proces, poboljšana je koordnacija i upravljanje transportom, omogućeno je ostvarivanje učinaka ekonomije obima u modalitetu prevoza "od vrata do vrata", a sve je to dovelo do smanjenja troškova i povećanja dobiti. Transportni troškovi i tranzitno vreme predstavljaju dva najčešće razmatrana problema prilikom transporta kontejnera. Takođe, ni emisija ugljen-dioksida više se ne može ignorisati: kompanije imaju moralnu obavezu da posluju na održiv način, a kupci postaju sve više i više svesni ogromnog uticaja na životnu sredinu. Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije je postavka koncepta kojim se povezuje više različitih vidova transporta i stvaranje novog generičkog znanja za donošenje najpovoljnije odluke u smislu više usvojenih raznorodnih kriterijuma: transportni troškovi, tranzitno vreme, emisija ugljen-dioksida. U radu je generisan matematički model koji pruža priliku da posmatramo, pored najpovoljnijeg, i ceo spektar potencijalnih rešenja, dajući nam mogućnost njihovog rangiranja, posmatrajući tri raznorodna kriterijuma istovremeno. Takođe, razvijen je i poseban programski paket za proces unapređenja poslovanja logističkih kompanija kroz kontinualno praćenje neprekidnih promena na tržištu. Prednost modela je da se može primeniti na različite čvorove i kontejnerske robne tokove u transportnim mrežama uzimajući u obzir koncept kojim se povezuje više različitih vidova transporta. U praktičnom domenu, dobijeni rezultati pružaju mogućnost kompanijama da donose odluke o transportnim rutama uzimajući u obzir sva tri posmatrana kriterijuma istovremeno, ostavljajući mogućnost odluke u zavisnosti od težinskih koeficijenata koji su u posmatranom momentu najvažniji.

Container transport today plays a very important role in the transport of goods with a constant tendency of growth in the context of global economic globalization. The advantages of container transport have been recognized since the 1980s, and they relate to the whole economy and even society as a whole. Increased number of business entities involved in the process, improved coordination and transport management, enabled the achievement of economies of scale in door-to-door modality, all of which led to cost savings and profit increases. Transportation costs and transit time are the two most commonly considered problems in container transport. Also, carbon dioxide emissions can no longer be ignored: on the one hand, companies have a moral obligation to operate in a sustainable way, and on the other hand, as customers become more and more aware of the enormous impacts on the environment. The main goal of the doctoral dissertation is the concept of multimodalism and the creation of a new generic knowledge for making the optimal decision in terms of more adopted heterogeneous criteria: transport costs, transit time, carbon dioxide emissions. In this paper a mathematical model is generated and provides the opportunity to observe, in addition to the optimal, full spectrum of possible solutions, giving us the possibility of their ranking, observing the three heterogeneous criteria at the same time. Also, a special software package for the process of improving the operations of logistics companies has been developed through the continuous monitoring of uninterrupted changes in the market. The advantage of the model is that it can be applied to different nodes and container merchandise flows in intermodal networks, taking into account concept of multimodalism by itself. In the practical domain, the expected results provide companies with the ability to make decisions about transport routes, taking into account all three optimized criteria, leaving the possibility of decision depending on the weight coefficients that are at the moment at stake as most important.