Filtracija fluida i separacija štetnih materija kod vazduhoplova

Abstract

Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da pokaže koliku važnost u definisanju tehnološke i konstruktivne koncepcije vazduhoplova ima kvalitet korišćenog fluida odnosno da predoči važnost izbora filtera i filtracione opreme. Filteri i filtraciona oprema predstavljaju neophodne delove vazduhoplova a prevashodna uloga ovih sistema i filtracije uopšte je bezbednost putnika, životne sredine i pouzdanost i efikasnost vazduhoplova. Dobro izabrani filteri i filtracioni uređaji, dovoljan broj filtracionih koraka i efikasna filtracija na svakoj pozicija utiču na smanjivanje troškova eksploatacije, optimizaciju vazduhoplova kao i na postizanje vrhunskih performansi. Izbor filtera i filterskih sistema predstavlja jedan od bitnijih koraka u definisanju tehnološke i konstruktivne koncepcije vazduhoplova u kojima je kvalitet korišćenog fluida posebno važan. Jednom rečju, filtracioni sistemi kod vazduhoplova predstavljaju vitalne delove koji pored uloge da obezbede kvalitetnu, pouzdanu i efikasnu filtraciju korišćenih fluida štite ljude i okolinu. U radu su prikazani filterski sistemi karakteristični za helikoptere i njihove letove na posebnim, specifičnim režimima. Takođe je posebna pažnja data kabinskim filterima kod putničkih vazduhoplova. Konstatovano je da postoji potreba za dovoljno dobrom filtracijom kabinskog vazduha da bi se kontrolisala kontaminacija vazduha i putnicima i posadi obezbedila udobnost i osećaj zdrave sredine. Bez dobre filtracije kabinskog vazduha, rizik od infekcija je veoma visok. Na kraju rada su prikazani neki od testova koji se sprovode u cilju brže i efikasne kontrola filtera koji namenjenih vazduhoplovima.

The main purpose of this work is to show the importance of used fluid quality in defining technological and constructive conception of aircraft, in other words to point out the importance of filter and filter equipment choice. Filters and filter equipment represent necessary parts of aircraft and primary role of these systems and filtration in general is passenger and the environment safety and reliability and efficiency of aircraft. The correct choice of filters and filter devices, the sufficient number of filtration steps and the efficient filtration on each position cause the reduction of exploitation costs, the aircraft optimization as well as the achieving first-rate performances. The choice of filter and filter systems represents one of the most important steps in defining technological and constructive conception of aircraft in which the quality of used fluid is especially relevant. Shortly, filter systems of aircraft represent vital parts which beside the role of providing qualitative, reliable and efficient filtration protect people and the environment. Filter systems that are characteristic for helicopters and their flights on particular and specific regimes are presented in the work. Special attention is also drawn to cabin filters in travel aircrafts. It is stated that it exists the need for sufficiently effective filtration of the cabin air in order to control the air contamination and provide comfort and feeling of healthy environment to both passengers and crew. Without the effective filtration of cabin air, the infection risk is very high. In the end of the work some of the tests that are being carried out in pursuance of more rapid and efficient control of aircraft filters are shown.