Uticaj lokalnog stanja toplotnog komfora na smanjenje radne sposobnosti u nestambenim zgradama

Abstract

Disertacija obuhvata razmatranje uticaja stanja lokalnog toplotnog diskomfora na smanjenje produktivnosti korisnika prostora. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u realnim uslovima, u učionici, u toku zimskog semestra, za umereno-kontinentalne klimatske uslove, uključujući dobrovoljno učešće studenata Mašinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. Merenja su vršena tokom četiri nedelje, u različitim uslovima toplotnog komfora, koji je variran u četiri različita scenarija, korišćenjem više metoda. Lokalni toplotni diskomfor je ocenjen analizom rezulatata koji su dobijeni korišćenjem tri naučne metode istraživanja: eksperimentalne, statističke i numeričke metode istraživanja. Unapređena je metodologija merenja fizičkih parametara unutrašnje sredine u realnim uslovima. Lokalni toplotni diskomfor je razmatran na osnovu analize više ključnih parametara, kao što su: temperatura poda, radijantna asimetrija, vertikalna temperaturska razlika i intenzitet promaje. Rezultati merenja temperature površine kože studenata i snimci termovizijskom kamerom, koji su korišćeni kao kontrolno merenje, su takođe prezentovani u radu. Različite statističke analize su sprovedene i značajni podaci o utiscima korisnika o uticaju lokalnog toplotnog komfora na smanjenje radne sposobnosti su razmatrani. Statističko istraživanje je izvršeno na pretežno muškoj, zdravoj populaciji, koja obuhvata mlade, odrasle ljude, starosti između 20 i 25 godina. Novi upitnici su razvijeni, sa posebnom pažnjom usmerenom na pitanja o lokalnom toplotnom komforu i uticaju na radnu sposobnost korisnika. Produktivnost korisnika je ocenjena pomoću novih upitnika i testova koncentracije koji su razvijeni u okviru istraživanja. Rezultati produktivnosti korisnika su obrađeni na osnovu 240 testova koji su sprovedeni...

The dissertation is dedicated to the local thermal discomfort impact on occupants’ productivity loss. The research was performed in real classroom, during the winter semester, for moderate climate conditions, involving voluntaries, students of the Mechanical engineering Faculty of Belgrade. The measurement had been performed for four weeks, on the different circumstances of thermal comfort conditions which had been provoked using four different scenarios and various methods. The local thermal discomfort is valuated using three scientific methods: experimental, statistical and numerical research. The improved methodology for measuring the physical parameters of the environment in real conditions was introduced. The local thermal discomfort is investigated using the key parameters: floor temperature, radiant asymmetry, vertical air difference and draught intensity. The student' skin temperature measurements are also presented, together with the results of thermal imaging camera recording used as a control method. The various statistical surveys were performed and valuable data regarding occupants’ thermal sensations and impact of local thermal comfort on working performances have been discussed. The statistical survey was conducted on young adult population, age between 20 and 25, predominantly male and healthy. The novel questionnaires had been developed, with special reference to the questions regarding local thermal comfort and occupants’ productivity loss. The productivity of the students was evaluated using the novel questionnaires and concentration test developed especially for this purpose. The productivity results were gathered based on 240 tests that had been performed. In numerical part of the survey, the novel models were developed and physical parameters were simulated using the commercial software for Computational Fluid Dynamics. The results were gathered for every point within the classroom model. These simulations can be used in a lack of measuring possibilities in similar types of buildings...