Каскадна геотермална топлотна пумпа - техно-економска анализа и еколошки утицај

Abstract

Razmotrena je ekonomska i ekološka opravdanost iskorišćenja toplote niskotemperaturne geotermalne vode za potrebe centralnog grejanja stanova uz pomoć toplotne pumpe. Uređaj se sastoji iz dve jednostepene toplotne pumpe koje rade u kaskadnoj sprezi. Proračun prvog stepena toplotne pumpe je sproveden za rashladni fluid R407c; u drugom stepenu koristi se fluid R600a. Osnovne radne karakteristike toplotne pumpe date su u obliku dijagrama. Za eksploataciju toplote iz geotermalne vode temperature +45°C, izvršena je tehno‑ekonomska analiza investicionih troškova toplotne pumpe, korišćenjem metode neto prisutne vrednosti. U okviru istraživanja, određeni su koeficijent isplativosti i period vremena nakon kojega će investicija otplatiti samu sebe. U radu je razmotren i uticaj predloženog tehničkog rešenja na okolinu i konstatovana je opravdanost ovakve eksploatacije hidrogeotermalne energije. Economic and envirnnmental feasibility analysis was performed regarding the use of heat of the low‑temperature geothermal water for the residential central heating by using a heat pump. The unit consists of two single‑stage heat pumps operating in a cascade connection. The calculation of the heat pump‘s first degree was made for the refrigerant R470c; in the second stage, the R600a fluid was used. The basic operation characteristics of the heat pump were presented in the form of diagrams. As for exploitation of heat from geothermal water of 45°C, a technological and economical analysis was performed regarding the heat pump investment costs, by using the net present value. Within the research, the payback coefficient and investment payback time period were determined. The environmental impact of the proposed technical solution was discussed and the described use of hydro‑geothermal energy was found justifiable.