Ispitivanje značenjske suprotnosti prideva srpskog jezika u kontekstu sintagmi i rečenica

Abstract

Predmet rada je antonimija 22 prideva srpskog jezika, prikazanih u okviru sintagme koja aktivira jedno od tri značenja: primarno, sekundarno konkretno i sekundarno apstraktno. Cilj rada je da uporedimo rezultate dobijene u ovom zadatku sa prethodnim istraživanjem u kome su ispitanici davali antonime za iste prideve prikazane u kontekstu rečenica. Porede se odgovori ispitanika iz dva tipa uzorka (opšte populacije i jezičkih stručnjaka) u okviru istog tipa zadatka, kao i rezultati ispitanika iz istog uzorka na dva zadatka sa različitim stimulusima, rečenicama i sintagmama. Pokazuje se da u dve različite grupe ispitanika u okviru istog zadatka nema izraženijih razlika u broju navedenih antonima, odabiru antonima i stepenu slaganja u pogledu dominantnog antonima. U različitim tipovima zadatka, broj datih antonima kod iste grupe ispitanika je isti, dok se dominantno navedeni antonimi donekle razlikuju u situaciji aktiviranja sekundarnog apstraktnog značenja prideva. U zaključku se diskutuje o implikacijama dobijenih nalaza.

The paper deals with the antonymy of 22 polysemous Serbian adjectives from an empirical point of view, comparing the results of two studies in which the adjectives were shown to respondents either within a phrase or a sentence and activated in one of their three senses: primary, secondary concrete and secondary abstract. Research with both types of stimuli was conducted in two samples, the general population and language experts. Aims of the paper include determining whether there are differences: (1) in the number of provided antonyms, the choice of antonyms and the level of agreement regarding the dominant antonym in different types of samples (who had the same type of task), and (2) between two types of tasks in the number of given antonyms and the dominantly stated antonym. The findings indicate that in two groups of respondents with the same type of task, the number of antonyms increases from the first, through the second to the third situation (i.e. adjective activation in primary, secondary concrete and secondary abstract sense). The dominantly stated antonyms are almost the same in the cases of activating the adjective in primary and secondary concrete senses, while there are some differences between sample types in secondary abstract sense. When we compare the results of respondents from the same type of sample on two different tasks, it is shown that two samples of the general population do not differ significantly with respect to the average number of antonyms for any activated adjective sense, while there are some differences between two linguist samples in the number of antonyms when the primary sense is activated. The greatest difference in the dominantly stated antonyms in different types of tasks, both in the general population and language expert samples, occurs in the case of activating the adjective secondary abstract senses.