Sistem za rano upozoravanje na poplave zasnovan na internetu stvari

Abstract

S obzirom na to da je pretežno planinska zemlja, u Bosni i Hercegovini se povremeno dešavaju elementarne nepogode, pre svega poplave, koje mogu prouzrokovati značajnu materijalnu štetu i ljudske žrtve. Postojeći sistem za zaštitu od poplava je zasnovan na praćenju vodostaja velikih reka. Nasuprot tome, katastrofalne poplave su kratkotrajan i turbulentan fenomen, koji može izazvati lavine, ozbiljnu materijalnu štetu i gubitak ljudskih života. Sakupljanjem i analiziranjem podataka u karakterističnim tačkama terena je moguće otkriti situacije koje bi mogle da dovedu do poplave, nizvodno u rečnom basenu. Automatsko grupisanje takvih podataka od strane nadležnih službi bi moglo da obezbedi pravovremenu organizaciju odbrane od poplava. Integracijom softverskih komponenti, senzora i mikrokontrolera sa mrežnim serverom i namenskim softverom je stvoren sistem za rano upozoravanje, sposoban da na vreme uoči rizik od izlivanja reka, kao i rizik od katastrofalnih poplava i lavina. Sistem je zasnovan na mreži automatskih meteoroloških stanica (AMS). koje centralnom serveru šalju podatke u pravilnim vremenskim intervalima, da bi se ovi podaci nakon dalje obrade prikazali osoblju sa odgovarajućim pristupom sistemu.

Being predominantly a mountainous country, in Bosnia and Herzegovina natural disasters periodically occur, especially floods, which can cause extensive material damage and human casualties. The existing flood defense system is focused on monitoring the situation on major rivers. In contrast, torrential floods are short-lived but turbulent phenomena, causing landslides, extensive material damage and loss of human lives. By collecting data from characteristic points on the terrain and analyzing them, it is possible to detect a situation which could cause torrential floods further in the river basin. Automated aggregation of such data by the competent services could provide timely organization of flood defenses. By integrating hardware components, sensors, microcontrollers with a Web server and custom built software, an early warning system was created capable of providing timely alerts to the risks of pouring of the rivers, as well as the emergence of torrential streams or landslides. The system is based on a network of automatic meteorological stations (AMS), which submit data at regular intervals to a central server, where this data is further processed and displayed to persons with appropriate authorization level to access the system.