Čovek koji je stvorio nacrtnu geometriju

Abstract

Gaspar Monž je poznat kao otac moderne nacrtne i diferencijalne geometrije . Godine 1764. angažovan je da izradi detaljan nacrt utvrđenja u svom rodnom gradu i njegov rad je primetio jedan oficir iz vojne škole École Royale du Génie de Mézières. Budući da je nacrt bio jako dobar, metode koje je Monž koristio čuvane su kao vojna tajna dugi niz godina. Godine 1780. Monž je postao član Akademije nauka i učestvovao je u radu Komiteta za tegove i mere, koji je imperijalni merni sistem prevodio u metrički. Gaspar je pomogao u osnivanju škole École Centrale des Travaux Publics (kasnije École Polytechnique) gde je i predavao nacrtnu geometriju. Godine 1798. Napoleon je krenuo u pohod na Egipat i zamolio je čuvenog hemičara Kloda Bertolea da regrutuje istaknute naučnike koji bi mu se pridružili u pohodu. Među njima su bili Furije, Monž, Dolomju i Malu. Napoleon je osnovao Egipatski institut i Monž je bio njegov prvi direktor. Gaspar Monž je preminuo 28. jula 1818. godine u Parizu. Njegovo ime je urezano u temelj Ajfelovog tornja i to na mestu tačno preko puta Vojne akademije. Pored nacrtne geometrije, Monž se bavio hemijom i fizikom.

Gaspard Monge is known as the father of modern descriptive and differential geometry. In 1764, he was engaged to draw a detailed plan of a fortification in his hometown, which was seen by an officer at the École Royale du Génie de Mézières. This plan was a success and his techniques were marked as a military secret for a long period of time. In 1780, he was elected to the Academy of Science and participated in the work of the Commission for Weights and Measures, that was in charge of moving the system from imperial to metric. In 1794, Monge helped setting up the École Centrale des Travaux Publics (later École Polytechnique) where he was lecturing Descriptive Geometry. In 1798, Napoleon undertook a campaign in Egypt. The famous chemist Claude Louis Berthollet was asked to recruit prominent scientists. Among them were Fourier, Monge, Dolomieu and Malus. Institut d'Egypte was established by Napoleon and Monge was named as its first president. Monge passed away on July 28, 1818. His name is inscribed on the base of the Eiffel Tower and it is located on the third façade opposite the Military Academy. Besides descriptive geometry, he carried on many different researches in chemistry and physics.