Emisija dimnih gasova pri zavarivanju metalnom punjenom i samozaštitnom žicom

Abstract

Punjene i samozaštitne žice su dodatni materijali koji se poslednjih godina sve više koriste zbog povećane produktivnosti i ekonomičnosti, boljeg kvaliteta spoja i lakšeg rada na terenu. S druge strane, jedan od glavnih nedostataka ovih žica je povećana količina dimnih gasova i nedovoljna istraženost njihove štetnosti, naročito u slučaju samozaštitne žice. Zbog toga se pred nove generacije ovih žica postavlja i ekološki zahtev smanjenja emisije dimnih gasova radi zaštite kako zdravlja zavarivača, tako i okoline. U cilju istraživanja ovog uticaja, ploče čelika mikrolegiranog sa V, Nb i Ti su zavarene metalnom punjenom žicom u zaštitnoj atmosferi Ar+5.9%CO2+1.1%O2 i samozaštitnom žicom. Pri tome su izmerene vrednosti emisije gasova CO, CO2 i SO2, kao i ukupne prašine. Dobijene vrednosti su upoređene kako međusobno, tako i sa maksimalnim dozvoljenim koncentracijama prema važećem standardu. Utvrđeno je da samozaštitne žice, suprotno očekivanjima, ne pokazuju veću toksičnost u odnosu na metalne punjene žice.

The use of flux cored and self-shielded wires as filler materials for gas metal arc welding is growing constantly due to increased productivity and efficiency, better weld quality and easer operation. On the other hand, one of the major drawbacks of these wires is the increased amount of fumes and gases and insufficient data of their harmful effects, especially in the case of self shielded wire. Therefore, in now days, one of the most important requirements is environmentally and health request for decreased fume and gas emission. In this paper, the plates of steel micro alloyed with V, Nb and Ti, were welded with metal cored wire in shielded atmosphere of Ar+5.9%CO2+1.1%O2 and with self-shielded wire. The concentrations of emitted total dust and gases CO, CO2 and SO2 were measured. Obtained values were compared with permissible exposure limits defined by standard. It was estimated that self shielded wire did not show higher toxicity compare to metal cored wire, what is in the contrast with previous studies.