Hydrogen embrittlement of low carbon structural steel

Abstract

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of steels is extremely interesting topic in many industrial applications, while a predictive physical model still does not exist. A number of studies carried out in the world are unambiguous confirmation of that statement. Bearing in mind multiple effects of hydrogen in certain metals, the specific mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement is manifested, depending on the experimental conditions. In this paper structural, low carbon steel, for pressure purposes, grade 20- St.20 (GOST 1050-88) was investigated. Numerous tested samples were cut out from the boiler tubes of fossil fuel power plant, damaged due to high temperature hydrogen attack and HE during service, as a result of the development of hydrogen-induced corrosion process. Samples were prepared for the chemical composition analysis, hardness measurement, impact strength testing (on instrumented Charpy machine) and microstructural characterization by optical and scanning electron microscopy - SEM/EDX. Based on multi-scale special approach, applied in experimental investigations, the results, presented in this paper, indicate the simultaneous action of the hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE) and hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP) mechanisms of HE, depending on the local concentration of hydrogen in investigated steel. These results are consistent with some models proposed in literature, about a possible simultaneous action of the HELP and HEDE mechanisms in metallic materials.