Predupređivanje otkaza obrtnih mašina pomoću vibrodijagnostike

Abstract

Opterećene obrtne mašine, kao što su turbine i ventilatori, često otkazuju, ponekad sa katastrofalnim posledicama. Neprekidno poboljšavanje osobina materijala, tehnologije proizvodnje i inspekcija, podržano usavršenim uređajima za ispitivanje i strogim zahtevima u pravilima i propisima, znatno smanjuju otkaze, ali se oni i dalje javljaju. Vibrodijagnostika u velikoj meri pomaže da se izbegnu otkazi, jer omogućava neprekidno praćenje ponašanja vibracija tokom rada, ne samo periodično, za vreme zastoja, i analizu radi obezbeđenja sigurne i pouzdane eksplotacije. Obrtne mašine rade bez prekida, tako da do oštećenja i otkaza može doći trenutno, ako amplituda poraste iznad granične vrednosti. Neprekidni monitoring treba da se izvodi na izabranim kritičnim lokacijama u sistemu. Uz pomoć razvijene elektronike, kompjutera i softvera, sistem može da se isključi u kritičnim situacijama. Konstrukcija i kapacitet nedavno razvijenog prenosnog uređaja za vibrodijagnostiku MICROMON, na Mašinskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu i njegova primena su prikazani u ovom radu.

Heavy duty rotating equipment, like turbines and fans, frequently fail, sometimes with catastrophic consequences. Permanent improvement in material properties, manufacturing technology and inspection, supported by sophisticated testing instruments and strict requirements in regulations and codes significantly reduced the failures, but they still occur. Vibrodiagnostics significantly helps to avoid failures, enabling to continuously monitor the vibration behaviour during operation, not only periodically, during breaks, and the analysis to ensure safe and reliable service. Rotating equipment is in continuous operation, so damages and failures can occur instantaneously, if the amplitude increases above a limited value. Continuous monitoring has to be performed on selected critical locations in the system. With developed electronics, computers and software, the system can be switched off in a critical situation. The design and capacity of a recently developed portable device MICROMON for vibrodiagnostics at the University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, and its in-service application are presented in this paper.