Analiza uticaja ozleda prouzrokovanih dejstvom mehaničkih i abiotičkih faktora na pojavu štetnih gljivičnih organizama

Abstract

U radu je istraživan aspekt pojave patogenih mikroorganizama na bukovom drvetu u odnosu na prisustvo ozleda na stablima, u cilju zaštite i očuvanja ove vrste u Srbiji. Istraživanja su vršena u istočnoj Srbiji, u brdskoj šumi bukve Fagetum moesiacae submontanum, generativnog porekla. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno dva lokaliteta na 51 oglednoj parceli, sa ukupno 829 stabala i konstatovano je prisustvo 21 vrsta gljiva. Na prvom lokalitetu konstatovano je da pojava gljiva prvenstveno zavisi od prisustva mehaničkih oštećenja na stablima (čak 73.46%), a gotovo uopšte nije u vezi sa prisustvom abiotičkih oštećenja (svega 3.21%). Na drugom lokalitetu postoji jaka korelaciona veza između pojave gljiva i prisustva mehaničkih oštećenja - 51.88%, kao i između gljiva i abiotičkih oštećenja - 47.96%. Konstatovano je da za zdravstveno stanje visokih bukovih sastojina izuzetan značaj ima pažljivo i pravilno manipulisanje prilikom seče, a svaka ozleda na bukovim dubećim stablima počinjena pri seči je otvoren put za zarazu patogenim mikroorganizmima.

The research described in this paper is focused on the occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms on beech trees relative to the presence of tree injuries, with the aim to ensure protection and preservation of this species in Serbia. The research was conducted in Eastern Serbia, in a hillside beech forest Fagetum moesiacae submontanum of generative origin. The testing was carried out on two sites over 51 testing plots, with a total of 829 trees and 21 species of identified fungi. On the first site it was found that the appearance of fungi primarily depends on the presence of mechanical damage on trees (as much as 73.46%), while the presence of abiotic damage has almost no bearing (only 3.21%). On the second site there was a strong correlation link between the occurrence of fungi and presence of mechanical damage - 51.88%, as well as between the fungi and abiotic damage - 47.96%. The health condition of high beech stands was found to be heavily dependent on careful and proper manipulation during harvesting, while each injury inflicted on a beech live tree during logging opens the door to infection with pathogenic microorganisms.