Uticaj sastava biogasa na emisiju polutanata mikroturbine sa pilot gorionikom

Abstract

Stimulacija korišćenja biogasa, koji predstavlja gorivo dobijeno iz obnovljivih izvora energije, intenzivirala je istraživanja vezana za razvoj i implementaciju različitih tehnika sagorevanja. Optimalna tehnika sagorevanja biogasa bi trebalo da obezbedi stabilno sagorevanje, uz zadovoljavanje sve strožijih ekoloških standarda u širokom dinamičkom opsegu rada. Prisustvo inertne komponente uzrokuje probleme vezane za stabilnost sagorevanja, gubitke energije, kao probleme vezane za emisiju štetnih supstanci. Sastav biogasa može značajno da varira u zavisnosti od načina proizvodnje i korišćene sirovine. Pored toplotne moći, koja se menja promenom sastava bigasa, takođe dolazi i do promena karakteristika sagorevanja, uključujući i emisiju štetnih supstanci. U radu je prikazano eksperimentalno istraživanje uticaja sadržaja ugljendioksida (inertne komponente) na emisiju azotnih oksida i ugljenmonoksida. Istraživanje je vršeno pomoću vihornog gorionika mikroturbine sa pilot gorionikom indukovanjem dva intenzivna vihora, variranjem mogućeg sastava biogasa i koeficijenta viška vazduha, pri nominalnoj snazi 9 kW. Utvrđeno je da sa povećanjem sadržaja ugljendioksida emisija azotnih oksida smanjuje, dok emisija ugljenmonoksida raste u celom opsegu koeficijenata viška vazduha za koje su vršena merenja.

Stimulation of using biogas, which is a fuel derived from renewable energy sources, has intensified the research, development and implementation of various combustion techniques. Optimal combustion technology should provide a stable combustion meeting ever stricter environmental standards in a wide dynamic range. The presence of inert components cause problems related to the stability of combustion, energy losses, as well as problems related to the emission of harmful substances. The composition of biogas can significantly vary depending on the mode of production and used materials. Combustion of biogas is a very interesting problem, as it is a low calorific value fuel, derived from renewable energy sources. Experimental investigation of combustion of biogas, in order to determine the effect of carbon dioxide content on the emission of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide is presented. It was found that with increasing carbon dioxide content emissions of nitrogen oxides are reduced, while carbon monoxide emissions are increased in the whole range of coefficients of excess air, for which measurements were carried out. The presence of carbondioxide in the fuel reduces the emission of nitrogen oxide by acting on both the basic mechanisms of NOx formation: thermal and prompt. The existence of the inert component in the flammable mixture lead to decreased concentrations of O, OH and CH, and the lowering of the temperature in the reaction zone. The effect of carbon dioxide content on CO emissions is opposite to the impact on NOx emissions, because it is essentially related to its effect temperature reduction, as it is in the case of NOx inhibiting factor, while in the case of CO it is predisposing factor.