@phdthesis{
author = "Petković, Đorđe",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Promena udela obnovljivih izvora energije u proizvodnji elektricne energije dovodi do promene
uloge koje konvencionalna postrojenja imaju u elektroenergetskom sistemu jer se zahteva fleksibilan
rad i brzo startovanje. Menja se koncept razvoja novih postrojenja i, osim stacionarnih
režima, postaje bitno izucavanje prelaznih pojava kao što su startovanje, brze promene opterecenja,
normalno i prinudno zaustavljanje. Veliki deo razvoja obuhvata skupa eksperimentalna
ispitivanja pri kojima može doci do oštecenja mašine. Stoga se veliki trud ulaže u razvoj proracunskih
modela za predvi anje ovakvih režima što je i tema ove disertacije. U radu je opisan
dinamicki model za simuliranje razlicitih prelaznih režima rada gasnih turbina u celokupnom
radnom opsegu, od pokretanja do zaustavljanja. Radni režimi kompresora i turbine opisani su
pomocu stacionarnih karakteristika, dok je njihovo dinamicko ponašanje modelirano zakonima
održanja u obliku obicnih diferencijalnih jednacina. Pored osnovnih fenomena, akumulacije mase
i energije, kao i akumulacije toplote unutar konstruktivnih elemenata mašine, obuhvaceni su
i efekti promene radijalnih zazora na performanse. Primenjene radne karakteristike su izracunate
pomocu postojecih meridijanskih modela strujanja. Kako bi se obuhvatio uticaj promena
geometrije kompresora zbog zakretanja statorskih lopatica kao i promena radijalnih zazora,
implementiran je veliki broj karakteristika. Model je uparen sa osnovnim sistemom regulisanja
radi kontrole brzine/opterecenja i izlazne temperature gasova iz turbine.
Razvijeni model je primenjen za simulaciju rada jednovratilnih i dvovratilnih industrijskih
gasnih turbina i rezultati su upore eni sa eksperimentalnim podacima. Pore enje ukljucuje
veliki broj parametara za svaku komponentu postrojenja i startera koji se koristi pri startovanju.
Simulirane su sekvence startovanja iz hladnog stanja, nagle promene opterecenja, zaustavljanje
ali i rad mašine tokom više uzastopnih pokretanja radi analize uticaja termickog stanja na
performanse mašine. Sprovedene su i analize ponašanja gasne turbine pri razlicitim brzinama
promene i naglog gubitka opterecenja., The change in the share of renewable energy sources in electricity production leads to a change
in the role conventional power plants have in the power system, as flexible operation and quick
start-up are required. The concept of new power plant development is changing and, apart from
stationary regimes, it becomes important to study transient phenomena such as starting, rapid
load changes, normal and emergency shutdown. Much of the development involves expensive
experimental tests that can damage the machine. Therefore, a lot of effort is invested in the
development of computational models for predicting such regimes, which is the subject of this
dissertation. It describes a dynamic model for simulation of the complete transient operation
of gas turbines, from start-up to shutdown. The performance of the compressor and the turbine
are described using steady-state characteristics, while component dynamics are modeled
with the conversation laws in the form of ordinary differential equations. In addition to basic
transient phenomena, volume packing, and heat soakage, the effects of the tip clearance change
on the performance are also included. The applied component characteristics are calculated
using through-flow solvers. A large number of compressor maps are implemented to include
adjustments of stator blades and changes in tip clearances. The model is paired with a control
system for the regulation of speed/load and turbine exit temperature.
The developed model was applied to simulate the operation of single-shaft and two-shaft industrial
gas turbines and the results were compared with experimental data. The comparison
includes a large number of parameters for each component of the power plant and the starter
used during start-up. Sequences of starting from a cold state, sudden load changes, shutdown,
but also the operation of the machine during several consecutive start-ups were simulated in
order to analyze the influence of the thermal state on the performance of the machine. Analyzes
of the behavior of the gas turbine at different loading rates and at load rejection were also
carried out.",
journal = "Univerzitet u Beogradu, Mašinski fakultet",
title = "Proračun prelaznih režima rada gasnih turbina, Calculation of Transient Performance of Gas Turbines",
pages = "108-1",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_7735"
}
