Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material
Нема приказа
Аутори
Jevtić, IvanaMilovanović, Aleksa
Trajković, Isaak
Travica, Milan
Sedmak, Aleksandar
Grbović, Aleksandar
Milošević, Miloš
Конференцијски прилог (Објављена верзија)
Метаподаци
Приказ свих података о документуАпстракт
The subject of this paper is to experimentally investigate the geometrical properties of specimens obtained by Additive Manufacturing technology. Experimental tests were performed on SENB (Single Edge Notched Bending) specimens. In this particular case, SENB specimens are used to calculate fracture toughness of PLA and PLA-X materials on a three-points bending fixture according to the ASTM D5045-14 standard. SENB specimen is a brick shaped specimen containing a notch in its middle. At the end of the notch a crack is inserted, either by razor sawing or tapping with a hammer on placed razor in the notch, thus making a pre-crack to the specimen. The measured geometrical properties in this paper are dimensional errors of notch geometry measured values i.e., notch width (W) and notch height (h). The dimensions of SENB specimens are 13×26×114.4 [mm], while the dimensions of the notch are 1.5×10.5 [mm]. These dimensions were chosen according to the mentioned standard, in order to ensure a pla...ne-strain condition when the crack propagates through the specimen. Specimens of both materials were printed in five different batches differing in printing parameters. These specimens have a variation in layer height, infill density, printing orientation and specimen humidity. Infill densities are 50 and 100 %, while layer heights are 0.1 and 0.2 mm. Two considered printing orientation types are rectilinear and circular orientation. PLA is a material that is most often fabricated by fermenting vegetable corn starch or sugar cane. PLA has a not so much unpleasant odor and is considered as a biodegradable material. Commercial PLA is available in over 30 different colors. This study covers red and blue colored specimens. Nozzle temperature during the printing process is set at 200℃. Platform temperature is at 60℃, constantly. PLA-X is a particle-reinforced PLA-based composite material. Compared to regular PLA, PLA-X has overall better mechanical properties and can be printed using higher printing speeds i.e., parts can be additively manufactured more quickly using this material. However, PLA-X material is available in fewer colors than regular commercial PLA. In this research only two colors of PLA-X materials are used i.e., black and white colored specimens. For the occasion of PLA-X printing, nozzle temperature is set at 230 ℃. Advantage of PLA-X material over regular PLA is that parts manufactured using PLA-X material can be printed without platform heating i.e., the material won’t slip off from the platform if it’s not preheated and heated during the printing process. If an operator chooses to heat the platform, the suggested temperature values are between 50 and 60 ℃. Highest dimensional discrepancy from the original CAD model, upon which the specimens were addittively manufactured from the .stl file format, is in the case of notch dimensions- both its width (W) and height (h). Concerning geometrical properties, the maximum percentage error in the notch width (W) is present in the first batch of PLA material, which has 50 % infill and layer thickness of 0.1 mm. Concerning PLA-X material, in the batch with the same printing parameters as the previously mentioned batch of PLA material, the measured error is five times smaller. Smallest dimensional error in PLA-X material is observed in the third batch, which has the lowest layer height and the highest infill percentage (0.1 mm and 100 %, respectively). In notch height error (h), maximal discrepancy is present in PLA material’s third batch i.e., specimens with 0.1 mm layer height and 100 % infill density. However, PLA-X material has the highest dimensional error in the fourth batch, which contains 50 % infill and 0.2 mm layer thickness. One interesting fact is that PLA-X material has the minimal error in the last (fifth) batch, where layer height is set at 50 % and layer thickness is 0.1 mm. One major difference of the fifth batch from all the other batches is the fact that the fifth batch contains specimens that were previously dried for 30 min under constant temperature set at 60 °C.
Кључне речи:
PLA / PLA-X / SENB specimensИзвор:
20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals, 2021, 152-153Колекције
Институција/група
Inovacioni centarTY - CONF AU - Jevtić, Ivana AU - Milovanović, Aleksa AU - Trajković, Isaak AU - Travica, Milan AU - Sedmak, Aleksandar AU - Grbović, Aleksandar AU - Milošević, Miloš PY - 2021 UR - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5710 AB - The subject of this paper is to experimentally investigate the geometrical properties of specimens obtained by Additive Manufacturing technology. Experimental tests were performed on SENB (Single Edge Notched Bending) specimens. In this particular case, SENB specimens are used to calculate fracture toughness of PLA and PLA-X materials on a three-points bending fixture according to the ASTM D5045-14 standard. SENB specimen is a brick shaped specimen containing a notch in its middle. At the end of the notch a crack is inserted, either by razor sawing or tapping with a hammer on placed razor in the notch, thus making a pre-crack to the specimen. The measured geometrical properties in this paper are dimensional errors of notch geometry measured values i.e., notch width (W) and notch height (h). The dimensions of SENB specimens are 13×26×114.4 [mm], while the dimensions of the notch are 1.5×10.5 [mm]. These dimensions were chosen according to the mentioned standard, in order to ensure a plane-strain condition when the crack propagates through the specimen. Specimens of both materials were printed in five different batches differing in printing parameters. These specimens have a variation in layer height, infill density, printing orientation and specimen humidity. Infill densities are 50 and 100 %, while layer heights are 0.1 and 0.2 mm. Two considered printing orientation types are rectilinear and circular orientation. PLA is a material that is most often fabricated by fermenting vegetable corn starch or sugar cane. PLA has a not so much unpleasant odor and is considered as a biodegradable material. Commercial PLA is available in over 30 different colors. This study covers red and blue colored specimens. Nozzle temperature during the printing process is set at 200℃. Platform temperature is at 60℃, constantly. PLA-X is a particle-reinforced PLA-based composite material. Compared to regular PLA, PLA-X has overall better mechanical properties and can be printed using higher printing speeds i.e., parts can be additively manufactured more quickly using this material. However, PLA-X material is available in fewer colors than regular commercial PLA. In this research only two colors of PLA-X materials are used i.e., black and white colored specimens. For the occasion of PLA-X printing, nozzle temperature is set at 230 ℃. Advantage of PLA-X material over regular PLA is that parts manufactured using PLA-X material can be printed without platform heating i.e., the material won’t slip off from the platform if it’s not preheated and heated during the printing process. If an operator chooses to heat the platform, the suggested temperature values are between 50 and 60 ℃. Highest dimensional discrepancy from the original CAD model, upon which the specimens were addittively manufactured from the .stl file format, is in the case of notch dimensions- both its width (W) and height (h). Concerning geometrical properties, the maximum percentage error in the notch width (W) is present in the first batch of PLA material, which has 50 % infill and layer thickness of 0.1 mm. Concerning PLA-X material, in the batch with the same printing parameters as the previously mentioned batch of PLA material, the measured error is five times smaller. Smallest dimensional error in PLA-X material is observed in the third batch, which has the lowest layer height and the highest infill percentage (0.1 mm and 100 %, respectively). In notch height error (h), maximal discrepancy is present in PLA material’s third batch i.e., specimens with 0.1 mm layer height and 100 % infill density. However, PLA-X material has the highest dimensional error in the fourth batch, which contains 50 % infill and 0.2 mm layer thickness. One interesting fact is that PLA-X material has the minimal error in the last (fifth) batch, where layer height is set at 50 % and layer thickness is 0.1 mm. One major difference of the fifth batch from all the other batches is the fact that the fifth batch contains specimens that were previously dried for 30 min under constant temperature set at 60 °C. C3 - 20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals T1 - Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material EP - 153 SP - 152 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_5710 ER -
@conference{ author = "Jevtić, Ivana and Milovanović, Aleksa and Trajković, Isaak and Travica, Milan and Sedmak, Aleksandar and Grbović, Aleksandar and Milošević, Miloš", year = "2021", abstract = "The subject of this paper is to experimentally investigate the geometrical properties of specimens obtained by Additive Manufacturing technology. Experimental tests were performed on SENB (Single Edge Notched Bending) specimens. In this particular case, SENB specimens are used to calculate fracture toughness of PLA and PLA-X materials on a three-points bending fixture according to the ASTM D5045-14 standard. SENB specimen is a brick shaped specimen containing a notch in its middle. At the end of the notch a crack is inserted, either by razor sawing or tapping with a hammer on placed razor in the notch, thus making a pre-crack to the specimen. The measured geometrical properties in this paper are dimensional errors of notch geometry measured values i.e., notch width (W) and notch height (h). The dimensions of SENB specimens are 13×26×114.4 [mm], while the dimensions of the notch are 1.5×10.5 [mm]. These dimensions were chosen according to the mentioned standard, in order to ensure a plane-strain condition when the crack propagates through the specimen. Specimens of both materials were printed in five different batches differing in printing parameters. These specimens have a variation in layer height, infill density, printing orientation and specimen humidity. Infill densities are 50 and 100 %, while layer heights are 0.1 and 0.2 mm. Two considered printing orientation types are rectilinear and circular orientation. PLA is a material that is most often fabricated by fermenting vegetable corn starch or sugar cane. PLA has a not so much unpleasant odor and is considered as a biodegradable material. Commercial PLA is available in over 30 different colors. This study covers red and blue colored specimens. Nozzle temperature during the printing process is set at 200℃. Platform temperature is at 60℃, constantly. PLA-X is a particle-reinforced PLA-based composite material. Compared to regular PLA, PLA-X has overall better mechanical properties and can be printed using higher printing speeds i.e., parts can be additively manufactured more quickly using this material. However, PLA-X material is available in fewer colors than regular commercial PLA. In this research only two colors of PLA-X materials are used i.e., black and white colored specimens. For the occasion of PLA-X printing, nozzle temperature is set at 230 ℃. Advantage of PLA-X material over regular PLA is that parts manufactured using PLA-X material can be printed without platform heating i.e., the material won’t slip off from the platform if it’s not preheated and heated during the printing process. If an operator chooses to heat the platform, the suggested temperature values are between 50 and 60 ℃. Highest dimensional discrepancy from the original CAD model, upon which the specimens were addittively manufactured from the .stl file format, is in the case of notch dimensions- both its width (W) and height (h). Concerning geometrical properties, the maximum percentage error in the notch width (W) is present in the first batch of PLA material, which has 50 % infill and layer thickness of 0.1 mm. Concerning PLA-X material, in the batch with the same printing parameters as the previously mentioned batch of PLA material, the measured error is five times smaller. Smallest dimensional error in PLA-X material is observed in the third batch, which has the lowest layer height and the highest infill percentage (0.1 mm and 100 %, respectively). In notch height error (h), maximal discrepancy is present in PLA material’s third batch i.e., specimens with 0.1 mm layer height and 100 % infill density. However, PLA-X material has the highest dimensional error in the fourth batch, which contains 50 % infill and 0.2 mm layer thickness. One interesting fact is that PLA-X material has the minimal error in the last (fifth) batch, where layer height is set at 50 % and layer thickness is 0.1 mm. One major difference of the fifth batch from all the other batches is the fact that the fifth batch contains specimens that were previously dried for 30 min under constant temperature set at 60 °C.", journal = "20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals", title = "Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material", pages = "153-152", url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_5710" }
Jevtić, I., Milovanović, A., Trajković, I., Travica, M., Sedmak, A., Grbović, A.,& Milošević, M.. (2021). Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material. in 20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals, 152-153. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_5710
Jevtić I, Milovanović A, Trajković I, Travica M, Sedmak A, Grbović A, Milošević M. Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material. in 20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals. 2021;:152-153. https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_5710 .
Jevtić, Ivana, Milovanović, Aleksa, Trajković, Isaak, Travica, Milan, Sedmak, Aleksandar, Grbović, Aleksandar, Milošević, Miloš, "Notch dimension discrepancy on SENB specimens fabricated from PLA and advanced PLA-X material" in 20th International Colloqium on Mechanical Fatigue of Metals (2021):152-153, https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_5710 .