The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times
Abstract
Light chariots with spoked wheels were developed initially in Syria or Northern Mesopotamia at about the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. and quickly propagated all over Middle East. The two-wheeled horsedrawn chariot was one of the most important inventions in history. It gave humanity its first concept of personal transport, and for two thousand years it was the key technology of war. Information on chariots of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Mycenaean and Archaic Greece, China, and Europe, with light and flexible spoked wheels from extant findings of ancient chariots, stone reliefs, and vase paintings is used for a design study of the dual chariot and its evolution in the centuries. Design reconstruction of the dual chariot found in Anyang China is incorporated herewith to prove that its development contains the seeds of a primitive design activity.
Keywords:
Traction dynamics / Spoked wheels / Dual-chariots / Bearings / AxlesSource:
FME Transactions, 2016, 44, 3, 229-236Publisher:
- Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd
Funding / projects:
- Development of methods and techniques for early diagnostic of cervical, colon, oral cavity cancer and melanoma based on a digital image and excitation-emission spectrum in visible and infrared domain (RS-MESTD-Integrated and Interdisciplinary Research (IIR or III)-41006)
Collections
Institution/Community
Mašinski fakultetTY - JOUR AU - Chondros, T.G. AU - Milidonis, K.F. AU - Rossi, C. AU - Zrnić, Nenad PY - 2016 UR - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2363 AB - Light chariots with spoked wheels were developed initially in Syria or Northern Mesopotamia at about the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. and quickly propagated all over Middle East. The two-wheeled horsedrawn chariot was one of the most important inventions in history. It gave humanity its first concept of personal transport, and for two thousand years it was the key technology of war. Information on chariots of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Mycenaean and Archaic Greece, China, and Europe, with light and flexible spoked wheels from extant findings of ancient chariots, stone reliefs, and vase paintings is used for a design study of the dual chariot and its evolution in the centuries. Design reconstruction of the dual chariot found in Anyang China is incorporated herewith to prove that its development contains the seeds of a primitive design activity. PB - Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd T2 - FME Transactions T1 - The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times EP - 236 IS - 3 SP - 229 VL - 44 DO - 10.5937/fmet1603229C ER -
@article{ author = "Chondros, T.G. and Milidonis, K.F. and Rossi, C. and Zrnić, Nenad", year = "2016", abstract = "Light chariots with spoked wheels were developed initially in Syria or Northern Mesopotamia at about the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. and quickly propagated all over Middle East. The two-wheeled horsedrawn chariot was one of the most important inventions in history. It gave humanity its first concept of personal transport, and for two thousand years it was the key technology of war. Information on chariots of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Mycenaean and Archaic Greece, China, and Europe, with light and flexible spoked wheels from extant findings of ancient chariots, stone reliefs, and vase paintings is used for a design study of the dual chariot and its evolution in the centuries. Design reconstruction of the dual chariot found in Anyang China is incorporated herewith to prove that its development contains the seeds of a primitive design activity.", publisher = "Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd", journal = "FME Transactions", title = "The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times", pages = "236-229", number = "3", volume = "44", doi = "10.5937/fmet1603229C" }
Chondros, T.G., Milidonis, K.F., Rossi, C.,& Zrnić, N.. (2016). The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times. in FME Transactions Univerzitet u Beogradu - Mašinski fakultet, Beograd., 44(3), 229-236. https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1603229C
Chondros T, Milidonis K, Rossi C, Zrnić N. The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times. in FME Transactions. 2016;44(3):229-236. doi:10.5937/fmet1603229C .
Chondros, T.G., Milidonis, K.F., Rossi, C., Zrnić, Nenad, "The evolution of the double-horse chariots from the bronze age to the Hellenistic times" in FME Transactions, 44, no. 3 (2016):229-236, https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1603229C . .