Daou, David

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  • Daou, David (5)
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Author's Bibliography

Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading

Baltić, Marija; Hasan, Sakib Mohammad; Daou, David; Milovanović, Aleksa; Kovačević, Aleksandar; Milošević, Miloš

(2020)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Baltić, Marija
AU  - Hasan, Sakib Mohammad
AU  - Daou, David
AU  - Milovanović, Aleksa
AU  - Kovačević, Aleksandar
AU  - Milošević, Miloš
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7282
AB  - - Kompozitni materijali predstavljaju napredne materijale visokih mehaničkih i fizičkih karakteristika, pa je njihova primena uglavnom zastupljena u specifičnim oblastima industrije, kao što su vazduhoplovstvo i vetroenergetski sistemi. Lopatice vetroturbina kao najkompleksnije komponente, se uglavnom izradjuju od kompozitnih materijala, pa je i njihovom izučavanju i testiranju potrebno posvetiti posebnu pažnju.
U radu je prikazano mehaničko ponašanje kompozitnih ploča izloženih dejstvu na istezanje. Tri kompozitne ploče karbon epoksidnog sastava, istih dimenzija, ali sa različitom orijentacijom slojeva su u skladu sa procedurom propisanom standardom D3039, pripremljene i eksperimentalno testirane. Ponašanje uzoraka je najpre simulirano u odgovarajućem softveru, u cilju provere i verifikacije eksperimentalne postavke, a zatim su vršeni testovi pod dejstvom zateznog opterećenja na kidalici SHIMADZU AGS-X 100 kN.
Dobijene vrednosti su grafički ilustrovane na dijagramima napon-deformacija. Prikazani rezultati dobijeni ovom metodom ispitivanja su od značaja u cilju boljeg razumevanja ponašanja kompozitnih struktura pod dejstvom različitih vrsta opterećenja, kako statičkih, tako i dinamičkih, jer poznavanje datih vrednosti daje širok spektar mogućnosti u daljim ispitivanjima i uporednim analizama sa ostalim eksperimentalnim metodama.
C3  - ENERGY, ECONOMY, ECOLOGY Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
T1  - Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading
VL  - Volume X, Issue X
DO  - ISSN 0354-8651
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Baltić, Marija and Hasan, Sakib Mohammad and Daou, David and Milovanović, Aleksa and Kovačević, Aleksandar and Milošević, Miloš",
year = "2020",
abstract = "- Kompozitni materijali predstavljaju napredne materijale visokih mehaničkih i fizičkih karakteristika, pa je njihova primena uglavnom zastupljena u specifičnim oblastima industrije, kao što su vazduhoplovstvo i vetroenergetski sistemi. Lopatice vetroturbina kao najkompleksnije komponente, se uglavnom izradjuju od kompozitnih materijala, pa je i njihovom izučavanju i testiranju potrebno posvetiti posebnu pažnju.
U radu je prikazano mehaničko ponašanje kompozitnih ploča izloženih dejstvu na istezanje. Tri kompozitne ploče karbon epoksidnog sastava, istih dimenzija, ali sa različitom orijentacijom slojeva su u skladu sa procedurom propisanom standardom D3039, pripremljene i eksperimentalno testirane. Ponašanje uzoraka je najpre simulirano u odgovarajućem softveru, u cilju provere i verifikacije eksperimentalne postavke, a zatim su vršeni testovi pod dejstvom zateznog opterećenja na kidalici SHIMADZU AGS-X 100 kN.
Dobijene vrednosti su grafički ilustrovane na dijagramima napon-deformacija. Prikazani rezultati dobijeni ovom metodom ispitivanja su od značaja u cilju boljeg razumevanja ponašanja kompozitnih struktura pod dejstvom različitih vrsta opterećenja, kako statičkih, tako i dinamičkih, jer poznavanje datih vrednosti daje širok spektar mogućnosti u daljim ispitivanjima i uporednim analizama sa ostalim eksperimentalnim metodama.",
journal = "ENERGY, ECONOMY, ECOLOGY Journal of Scientific and Research Publications",
title = "Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading",
volume = "Volume X, Issue X",
doi = "ISSN 0354-8651"
}
Baltić, M., Hasan, S. M., Daou, D., Milovanović, A., Kovačević, A.,& Milošević, M.. (2020). Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading. in ENERGY, ECONOMY, ECOLOGY Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume X, Issue X.
https://doi.org/ISSN 0354-8651
Baltić M, Hasan SM, Daou D, Milovanović A, Kovačević A, Milošević M. Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading. in ENERGY, ECONOMY, ECOLOGY Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 2020;Volume X, Issue X.
doi:ISSN 0354-8651 .
Baltić, Marija, Hasan, Sakib Mohammad, Daou, David, Milovanović, Aleksa, Kovačević, Aleksandar, Milošević, Miloš, "Investigation of mechanical characteristics of composite plates under tensile loading" in ENERGY, ECONOMY, ECOLOGY Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume X, Issue X (2020),
https://doi.org/ISSN 0354-8651 . .

Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts

Hasan, Mohammad Sakib; Ivanov, Toni; Vorkapić, Miloš; Simonović, Aleksandar; Daou, David; Kovacević, Aleksandar; Milovanović, Aleksa

(Revista Chimie Srl, Bucuresti, 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad Sakib
AU  - Ivanov, Toni
AU  - Vorkapić, Miloš
AU  - Simonović, Aleksandar
AU  - Daou, David
AU  - Kovacević, Aleksandar
AU  - Milovanović, Aleksa
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3371
AB  - Rapid innovations in 3D printing technology have allowed highly complex parts to be manufactured quickly and easily, particularly for prototyping purposes. Fused Deposition Modeling of thermoplastic materials is one of the most commonly used techniques in three-dimensional (3D) printing. The major aim of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is to design and manufacture usable parts for fields such as engineering and medicine. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of such FDM processed structures. One of the most commonly used materials currently on the market is Polylactic Acid (PLA). The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of aging and heat treatment on the tensile properties of PLA printed test specimens. The tensile properties of parts manufactured by the 3D printer are influenced by various parameters such as extrusion temperature, infill density, building direction, layer height, etc. A total of 96 specimens were built by altering building orientation and layer height to estimate and compare the tensile properties of the printed parts. To investigate the aging effect, 30 of 96 specimens were printed 6 months before the tensile experiment. Half of both aged and new specimens were cured in an oven at 57.5 [degrees C] for 3 hours while the other half endured no heat treatment. After the performed measurement, it can be concluded that heat treatment generally improves structural strength of the printed parts, while aging decreases it. However, these effects are highly dependent on the layer thickness and printing quality. The tensile test is conducted according to the ASTM D638 standard. The fractured samples were further characterized using an electron microscope.
PB  - Revista Chimie Srl, Bucuresti
T2  - Materiale Plastice
T1  - Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts
EP  - 159
IS  - 3
SP  - 147
VL  - 57
DO  - 10.37358/MP.20.3.5389
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Hasan, Mohammad Sakib and Ivanov, Toni and Vorkapić, Miloš and Simonović, Aleksandar and Daou, David and Kovacević, Aleksandar and Milovanović, Aleksa",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Rapid innovations in 3D printing technology have allowed highly complex parts to be manufactured quickly and easily, particularly for prototyping purposes. Fused Deposition Modeling of thermoplastic materials is one of the most commonly used techniques in three-dimensional (3D) printing. The major aim of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is to design and manufacture usable parts for fields such as engineering and medicine. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the mechanical properties of such FDM processed structures. One of the most commonly used materials currently on the market is Polylactic Acid (PLA). The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of aging and heat treatment on the tensile properties of PLA printed test specimens. The tensile properties of parts manufactured by the 3D printer are influenced by various parameters such as extrusion temperature, infill density, building direction, layer height, etc. A total of 96 specimens were built by altering building orientation and layer height to estimate and compare the tensile properties of the printed parts. To investigate the aging effect, 30 of 96 specimens were printed 6 months before the tensile experiment. Half of both aged and new specimens were cured in an oven at 57.5 [degrees C] for 3 hours while the other half endured no heat treatment. After the performed measurement, it can be concluded that heat treatment generally improves structural strength of the printed parts, while aging decreases it. However, these effects are highly dependent on the layer thickness and printing quality. The tensile test is conducted according to the ASTM D638 standard. The fractured samples were further characterized using an electron microscope.",
publisher = "Revista Chimie Srl, Bucuresti",
journal = "Materiale Plastice",
title = "Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts",
pages = "159-147",
number = "3",
volume = "57",
doi = "10.37358/MP.20.3.5389"
}
Hasan, M. S., Ivanov, T., Vorkapić, M., Simonović, A., Daou, D., Kovacević, A.,& Milovanović, A.. (2020). Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts. in Materiale Plastice
Revista Chimie Srl, Bucuresti., 57(3), 147-159.
https://doi.org/10.37358/MP.20.3.5389
Hasan MS, Ivanov T, Vorkapić M, Simonović A, Daou D, Kovacević A, Milovanović A. Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts. in Materiale Plastice. 2020;57(3):147-159.
doi:10.37358/MP.20.3.5389 .
Hasan, Mohammad Sakib, Ivanov, Toni, Vorkapić, Miloš, Simonović, Aleksandar, Daou, David, Kovacević, Aleksandar, Milovanović, Aleksa, "Impact of Aging Effect and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) Printed Parts" in Materiale Plastice, 57, no. 3 (2020):147-159,
https://doi.org/10.37358/MP.20.3.5389 . .
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FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation

Monticeli, Francisco Maciel; Daou, David; Peković, Ognjen; Simonović, Aleksandar; Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus; Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila

(Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford, 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monticeli, Francisco Maciel
AU  - Daou, David
AU  - Peković, Ognjen
AU  - Simonović, Aleksandar
AU  - Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus
AU  - Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3347
AB  - The aim of this study was to carry out simulations and perform experimental quasi-static delamination tests in modes I and II to characterize the mechanical behavior at a hybrid interface. For that purpose, contact angle, infrared spectroscopy, and energy balance model results were obtained to characterize the physical interfacial energy behavior. The simulations and experimental tests presented similar values and trends, indicating that this is a viable method for predicting the critical fracture toughness of hybrid laminated composites. The low interfacial energy of the stitching (PS) and the epoxy matrix showed a decrease in the experimental strain energy release. The hybrid interface (carbon/glass/epoxy) showed an improvement in fracture toughness, which was physically elucidated through the synergy of high CF/epoxy interfacial energy strain combined with the toughness interaction via organosilane in GF/epoxy interface. In addition, the directional change in the microcracks generated between the two interfaces (rough fracture) requires an increase in energy to propagate the delamination as a result of the synergy between the CF and GF stiffness, also confirmed by the physical-based model.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Composites Communications
T1  - FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation
VL  - 22
DO  - 10.1016/j.coco.2020.100532
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Monticeli, Francisco Maciel and Daou, David and Peković, Ognjen and Simonović, Aleksandar and Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus and Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to carry out simulations and perform experimental quasi-static delamination tests in modes I and II to characterize the mechanical behavior at a hybrid interface. For that purpose, contact angle, infrared spectroscopy, and energy balance model results were obtained to characterize the physical interfacial energy behavior. The simulations and experimental tests presented similar values and trends, indicating that this is a viable method for predicting the critical fracture toughness of hybrid laminated composites. The low interfacial energy of the stitching (PS) and the epoxy matrix showed a decrease in the experimental strain energy release. The hybrid interface (carbon/glass/epoxy) showed an improvement in fracture toughness, which was physically elucidated through the synergy of high CF/epoxy interfacial energy strain combined with the toughness interaction via organosilane in GF/epoxy interface. In addition, the directional change in the microcracks generated between the two interfaces (rough fracture) requires an increase in energy to propagate the delamination as a result of the synergy between the CF and GF stiffness, also confirmed by the physical-based model.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Composites Communications",
title = "FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation",
volume = "22",
doi = "10.1016/j.coco.2020.100532"
}
Monticeli, F. M., Daou, D., Peković, O., Simonović, A., Cornelis Voorwald, H. J.,& Hilario Cioffi, M. O.. (2020). FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation. in Composites Communications
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100532
Monticeli FM, Daou D, Peković O, Simonović A, Cornelis Voorwald HJ, Hilario Cioffi MO. FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation. in Composites Communications. 2020;22.
doi:10.1016/j.coco.2020.100532 .
Monticeli, Francisco Maciel, Daou, David, Peković, Ognjen, Simonović, Aleksandar, Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus, Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila, "FEA simulation and experimental validation of mode I and II delamination at the carbon/glass/epoxy hybrid interface: Physical-based interpretation" in Composites Communications, 22 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100532 . .
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CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING

Hasan, Mohammad Sakib; Svorcan, Jelena; Simonović, Aleksandar; Daou, David; Perić, Bojan

(Belgrade : Serbian Society of Mechanics, 2019)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad Sakib
AU  - Svorcan, Jelena
AU  - Simonović, Aleksandar
AU  - Daou, David
AU  - Perić, Bojan
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4299
AB  - The aerodynamic performance of an airfoil provides specific information on wing design of
HALE UAV and is considered as eminent for enhancing its flight conditions. In this paper,
numerical investigation of a wing is conducted to predict its preliminary aerodynamic quality. A
concise comparison of lift and drag curve obtained from numerical analysis conducted in two
different programs, will be the scope of this research. Preliminary aerodynamic performance
study including 12 different wings were previously performed in Fortran program GLAUERT-trapezoidal wing. From those 12 wings, one wing was selected which has the best aerodynamic
performance at an operational altitude of 15000 m. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software
package, ANSYS Fluent is used for numerical analysis of the selected wing. Two different
turbulence models were simulated in this work. Lift and drag coefficients were calculated
respectively by varying angle of attacks. Hence, the resulted lift and drag curve generated in
GLAUERT were compared with those obtained from ANSYS FLUENT. Additionally, other
parameters like flow separation, pressure and velocity contours obtained by different turbulent
models were also discussed.
PB  - Belgrade : Serbian Society of Mechanics
C3  - Proceedings  / The 7th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics, Sremski Karlovci, June 24-26, 2019
T1  - CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING
SP  - M3h
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_4299
ER  - 
@conference{
author = "Hasan, Mohammad Sakib and Svorcan, Jelena and Simonović, Aleksandar and Daou, David and Perić, Bojan",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The aerodynamic performance of an airfoil provides specific information on wing design of
HALE UAV and is considered as eminent for enhancing its flight conditions. In this paper,
numerical investigation of a wing is conducted to predict its preliminary aerodynamic quality. A
concise comparison of lift and drag curve obtained from numerical analysis conducted in two
different programs, will be the scope of this research. Preliminary aerodynamic performance
study including 12 different wings were previously performed in Fortran program GLAUERT-trapezoidal wing. From those 12 wings, one wing was selected which has the best aerodynamic
performance at an operational altitude of 15000 m. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software
package, ANSYS Fluent is used for numerical analysis of the selected wing. Two different
turbulence models were simulated in this work. Lift and drag coefficients were calculated
respectively by varying angle of attacks. Hence, the resulted lift and drag curve generated in
GLAUERT were compared with those obtained from ANSYS FLUENT. Additionally, other
parameters like flow separation, pressure and velocity contours obtained by different turbulent
models were also discussed.",
publisher = "Belgrade : Serbian Society of Mechanics",
journal = "Proceedings  / The 7th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics, Sremski Karlovci, June 24-26, 2019",
title = "CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING",
pages = "M3h",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_4299"
}
Hasan, M. S., Svorcan, J., Simonović, A., Daou, D.,& Perić, B.. (2019). CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING. in Proceedings  / The 7th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics, Sremski Karlovci, June 24-26, 2019
Belgrade : Serbian Society of Mechanics., M3h.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_4299
Hasan MS, Svorcan J, Simonović A, Daou D, Perić B. CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING. in Proceedings  / The 7th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics, Sremski Karlovci, June 24-26, 2019. 2019;:M3h.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_4299 .
Hasan, Mohammad Sakib, Svorcan, Jelena, Simonović, Aleksandar, Daou, David, Perić, Bojan, "CFD analysis of a high altitude long endurance UAV WING" in Proceedings  / The 7th International Congress of Serbian Society of Mechanics, Sremski Karlovci, June 24-26, 2019 (2019):M3h,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_machinery_4299 .

Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM

Monticeli, Francisco Maciel; Daou, David; Dinulović, Mirko; Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus; Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila

(Sage Publications Ltd, London, 2019)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monticeli, Francisco Maciel
AU  - Daou, David
AU  - Dinulović, Mirko
AU  - Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus
AU  - Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila
PY  - 2019
UR  - https://machinery.mas.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3097
AB  - Considering aeronautics requirements, academies and industries are developing matrixes and reinforcements with higher mechanical performance. The same occurs with the process where new studies focus on obtaining composites with suitable matrix/reinforcement interface. The use of epoxy resin and carbon fiber with high mechanical performance does not guarantee a composite with high mechanical properties, considering imperfections and void formation along the laminate in case of inappropriate processing parameters. The aim of this article was to analyze and quantify the mechanical behavior of polymer composite reinforced with continuous fibers using finite element methodology and postprocessing software simulation. In addition, the classical laminate theory and finite elements were used to simulate flexural and tensile tests of composite specimens. Simulation results were compared with experimental test results using a carbon fiber noncrimp fabric quadriaxial/epoxy resin composite processed by resin transfer molding. Although void volume fraction for structural materials presenting results under aeronautics requirements regarding of 2%, imperfections like lack of resin and impregnation discontinuity showed an influence in tensile and flexural experimental results. Experimental mechanical behavior decreased 10% of strength, in comparison with simulation results due to imperfection on impregnation measured by C-Scan map. Improvement in processing procedures could able to provide greater impregnation continuity, reducing defect formation and ensuring better matrix/reinforcement interface. As a final conclusion, the process plays a role as important as the characteristics of reinforcement and matrix and, consequently, the mechanical properties.
PB  - Sage Publications Ltd, London
T2  - Polymers & Polymer Composites
T1  - Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM
EP  - 75
IS  - 2
SP  - 66
VL  - 27
DO  - 10.1177/0967391118817174
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Monticeli, Francisco Maciel and Daou, David and Dinulović, Mirko and Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus and Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Considering aeronautics requirements, academies and industries are developing matrixes and reinforcements with higher mechanical performance. The same occurs with the process where new studies focus on obtaining composites with suitable matrix/reinforcement interface. The use of epoxy resin and carbon fiber with high mechanical performance does not guarantee a composite with high mechanical properties, considering imperfections and void formation along the laminate in case of inappropriate processing parameters. The aim of this article was to analyze and quantify the mechanical behavior of polymer composite reinforced with continuous fibers using finite element methodology and postprocessing software simulation. In addition, the classical laminate theory and finite elements were used to simulate flexural and tensile tests of composite specimens. Simulation results were compared with experimental test results using a carbon fiber noncrimp fabric quadriaxial/epoxy resin composite processed by resin transfer molding. Although void volume fraction for structural materials presenting results under aeronautics requirements regarding of 2%, imperfections like lack of resin and impregnation discontinuity showed an influence in tensile and flexural experimental results. Experimental mechanical behavior decreased 10% of strength, in comparison with simulation results due to imperfection on impregnation measured by C-Scan map. Improvement in processing procedures could able to provide greater impregnation continuity, reducing defect formation and ensuring better matrix/reinforcement interface. As a final conclusion, the process plays a role as important as the characteristics of reinforcement and matrix and, consequently, the mechanical properties.",
publisher = "Sage Publications Ltd, London",
journal = "Polymers & Polymer Composites",
title = "Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM",
pages = "75-66",
number = "2",
volume = "27",
doi = "10.1177/0967391118817174"
}
Monticeli, F. M., Daou, D., Dinulović, M., Cornelis Voorwald, H. J.,& Hilario Cioffi, M. O.. (2019). Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM. in Polymers & Polymer Composites
Sage Publications Ltd, London., 27(2), 66-75.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391118817174
Monticeli FM, Daou D, Dinulović M, Cornelis Voorwald HJ, Hilario Cioffi MO. Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM. in Polymers & Polymer Composites. 2019;27(2):66-75.
doi:10.1177/0967391118817174 .
Monticeli, Francisco Maciel, Daou, David, Dinulović, Mirko, Cornelis Voorwald, Herman Jacobus, Hilario Cioffi, Maria Odila, "Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM" in Polymers & Polymer Composites, 27, no. 2 (2019):66-75,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391118817174 . .
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